Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the contributions of Chen Hesheng, a prominent particle physicist in China, who has been instrumental in developing major scientific infrastructure, particularly in the field of cancer treatment using neutron capture therapy [1][3][19]. Group 1: Contributions to Cancer Treatment - Chen Hesheng has pioneered the use of boron neutron capture therapy, which is a new method for treating tumors that is more convenient and cost-effective for patients [3][5]. - The Chinese Spallation Neutron Source, under Chen's leadership, is recognized for its potential in cancer treatment, emphasizing the integration of scientific research and medical applications [3][15]. Group 2: Development of Scientific Infrastructure - The Chinese Spallation Neutron Source is the first of its kind in China and the fourth in the world, serving as a "super microscope" for exploring the microscopic world [15]. - This facility has completed over 2,000 experimental projects and has more than 8,000 registered users, providing critical support for national strategic needs and fundamental research [15][19]. Group 3: Personal Journey and Legacy - Chen Hesheng's journey began in 1978 when he first engaged with particle physics, leading to significant advancements in China's high-energy physics capabilities [11][19]. - Despite being nearly 80 years old, Chen continues to work actively in the field, mentoring young researchers and contributing to ongoing projects, viewing the Spallation Neutron Source as his new home [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - Japan is the only country currently possessing the BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) technology for cancer treatment, which has shown promising results in clinical applications, particularly for head and neck tumors [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Development - The BNCT technology was first discovered in the 1930s by French researchers, with unsuccessful attempts made by Americans in the 1950s, but Japan continued its research and development [2]. - Japan began preclinical studies in 2000, started clinical trials in 2016, and received approval for the technology in March 2020, quickly integrating it into their healthcare system by June 2020 [1][2]. Group 2: Clinical Applications and Efficacy - The initial approved indications for BNCT include head and neck tumors, with ongoing research to expand its use to breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other types [1][4]. - Among over 800 cases treated in Japan, the three-year survival rate for certain tumors has reached 60-70%, indicating significant potential despite current limitations in applicable indications [1][4]. Group 3: Equipment and Accessibility - Currently, there are only two clinical BNCT devices in Japan, one in Fukushima and one in Osaka, with the Osaka center not yet accepting international patients due to high domestic demand [3]. - The technology's expansion and accessibility in other countries, including China, is being considered, as there is a growing interest in the treatment [3].