Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the resurgence of COVID-19 cases in China, highlighting the increasing positivity rates and the need for continued vigilance, especially among high-risk populations [4][5][9]. Summary by Sections COVID-19 Resurgence - COVID-19 has become the leading pathogen in emergency visits across most regions in China, with positivity rates rising from 7.5% to 16.2% between late March and early May 2025 [5][6]. - The current wave of infections is attributed to a decline in population immunity, as the last peak occurred over six months ago [9]. Expert Opinions - Experts suggest that while the current strains are less virulent, high-risk groups, including the elderly and those with underlying health conditions, should remain cautious and take preventive measures [7][9]. - The article emphasizes the importance of vaccination and protective behaviors, especially for vulnerable populations [7][20]. Regional Differences - The article notes a temporal difference in the spread of COVID-19 between northern and southern China, with the south approaching its peak later than the north [10][11]. - Data indicates that southern provinces have a slightly higher positivity rate compared to northern provinces during this wave [10]. Variants and Symptoms - The main circulating variants are XDV and NB.1.8.1, both of which belong to the Omicron family and exhibit immune evasion capabilities [13][15]. - Symptoms of the current infections are generally mild but can lead to severe outcomes in high-risk individuals, with prolonged cough and other respiratory issues being common [15][19]. Vaccination Strategies - The article outlines the latest COVID-19 vaccines available in China, which include formulations targeting the XBB variant [24][26]. - Vaccination remains the best preventive measure, with studies showing significant reductions in hospitalization risks for vaccinated individuals [23][27]. Treatment Options - A variety of antiviral medications are available for COVID-19 treatment, with specific recommendations for high-risk patients [34][35]. - The article stresses the importance of using antiviral drugs judiciously, particularly for non-severe cases [35][36].