Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's significant advancements in space exploration technology, particularly the development of the off-axis three-mirror optical system, which has become essential for the country's space missions, overcoming previous technological barriers imposed by Western countries [1][3]. Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - The off-axis three-mirror optical system was previously restricted by export bans from Western countries, but Chinese scientists have successfully developed this technology independently, making it a standard configuration for space exploration tasks [3][4]. - The manufacturing of free-form reflective mirrors for the off-axis three-mirror system was once deemed impossible, but a dedicated team has achieved this through a comprehensive design-manufacturing-testing-assembly capability [4][5]. - The team led by Academician Zhang Xuejun has developed the third generation of large-diameter aspheric CNC processing equipment, breaking through foreign equipment embargoes and technological blockades [5]. Group 2: Innovations in Assembly Techniques - The team introduced a novel co-reference assembly technology for the off-axis three-mirror optical system, significantly reducing the assembly degrees of freedom from 18 to 6, thus enhancing efficiency and precision [7][11]. - The second-generation co-reference assembly technology, based on computational holography, has expanded the application of CGH, achieving a 300% increase in assembly efficiency, reaching an internationally leading level [7]. Group 3: Future Prospects - The technology journey of the off-axis three-mirror optical system is transitioning from near-Earth exploration to deep space exploration, with plans for in-orbit assembly of space telescopes [11]. - The vision includes assembling optical modules in a microgravity environment to create a space observation system with a diameter of up to 100 meters, significantly enhancing deep space detection capabilities [11].