2021年，当"天问一号"探测器在距火星220万公里处拍摄下火星的首张高清"肖像"时，很少有人知 道，记录这历史性瞬间的"眼睛"， 它真正的名字叫做—— 离轴三反光学系统。 "天问一号"获取的首幅火星图像 图片来源：中国国家航天局 此前，这项核心技术长期被欧美国家列入"禁止出口"清单， 实施严密的技术封锁。而如今， 我国 的科学家们 已突破重重壁垒，使其成为我国空间探索任务中不可或缺的"标准配置" 。 中国的"光路巧匠"：打破封锁，独立自主 离轴三反光学系统自由曲面反射镜的制造曾被称为"不可能完成的任务"。三片非球面镜不仅形 状各异，装调时更要控制18个自由度，其难度相当于蒙眼把三块异形积木悬空拼成一座桥。欧 美在90年代突破该技术后立即进行技术封锁，中国团队只能白手起家。 从0到1的突围充满故事性。2002年长春光机所张学军院士团队初创时，曾有人断言："离轴三 反？你们既设计不出，也造不出， 更调不好！"如今，这支百人团队已形成"设计-制造-检测- 装调"全链条能力，支撑着我国40%以上的高分辨率遥感卫星。正如团队灵魂人物张学军院士 所言："要形成自己的核心竞争力，不受制于人，我们必须独立自主。" 团队历时 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the breakthrough of Midea's newly launched 500 kg heavy-duty robot, which disrupts Japan's 30-year technology monopoly in the robotics industry [1][3] - Midea's advancements in robotics are positioned to significantly enhance global economic productivity, as noted by industry leaders like Elon Musk [1][9] Industry Developments - Midea's heavy-duty robot boasts a lifting capacity ten times that of ordinary robots, with precision control of ±0.05 mm, leading to an 8% increase in fuel efficiency and a 30% extension in lifespan for aviation engine components [3] - The production efficiency in new energy battery factories has increased by 50% due to the use of Midea's robots [3] Technological Advancements - Midea has developed its own core technologies, including heavy-duty RV reducers, servo motors, and controllers, reducing the price of RV reducers to 70% of Japanese counterparts and cutting delivery times from six months to 15 days [5][7] - The global market for industrial robots is shifting, with 51% of new installations in 2023 coming from China, projected to rise to 55.64 million units in 2024 [5] Market Dynamics - Japanese companies are now seeking partnerships with Chinese firms due to the competitive pricing of Chinese RV reducers, which are 30% cheaper [7] - The military robotics sector is also evolving, with China's military robot market estimated at 14 billion yuan in 2023, as the U.S. plans to achieve 60% unmanned ground combat platforms by 2030 [7] Competitive Landscape - Midea's advancements have led to a significant shift in the competitive landscape, with Japanese companies forced to lower prices by 30% to maintain market share [9] - The article emphasizes that the shift in power dynamics in the robotics industry is a result of Midea's persistent innovation and patent development [9]