Core Insights - A Chinese research team has successfully treated patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) using self-developed CD19 CAR T cells, providing a new therapeutic option for patients who have failed conventional treatments [1][2] Group 1: Treatment Breakthrough - The research team established a new cell immunotherapy system specifically for patients with refractory or relapsed AIHA, achieving significant efficacy and safety, with patients experiencing long-term remission without medication [2] - For patients who relapsed after CAR T treatment, the team utilized BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibodies for targeted secondary rescue therapy, which also yielded successful outcomes [2] Group 2: Mechanism and Future Implications - The research provided a clear immunological explanation for disease relapse after CAR T cell therapy, advancing cell immunotherapy from empirical exploration to mechanism-guided precision intervention [2] - The findings suggest that relapse is not the endpoint of treatment failure, and targeted cell immunotherapy strategies can be implemented based on defined immunological mechanisms, paving the way for a sustainable model of sequential cell immunotherapy [2] Group 3: Research Support and Contributors - The study was led by Dr. Shi Jun and researcher Xiong Haiqing from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Blood Disease Hospital, with contributions from several co-authors and support from various national and local funding programs [3]