2019年芬太尼类物质整类列管，列入《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品管制品种增补目录》，按照非药品 类麻醉药品和精神药品管理。根据公安部发布的《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》，禁止任何 单位和个人生产、买卖、运输、使用、储存和进出口。因科研、实验需要使用非药用类麻醉药品和精神 药品，在药品、医疗器械生产、检测中需要使用非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品标准品、对照品，以及药 品生产过程中非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品中间体的管理，按照有关规定执行。 中国海关坚持依法管控、综合施策，始终保持查缉芬太尼类物质高压态势，主要包括以下措施：加强芬 太尼类物质走私风险分析研判，明确查缉重点，加大布控查验力度。充分发挥CT机、X光机等监管查验 设备效能，优化升级智能审图算法，提高智能审图对夹藏走私的识别能力；对机检发现的可疑货物、物 品，及时开展人查验，查缉夹藏、伪瞒报等行为。强化业务培训，持续提升关警员对芬太尼类物质的查 缉能力，坚决筑牢芬太尼类物质海关口岸查缉防线。 责编：黄之安、卢思宇 如果个人携带麻醉药品和精神药品进出境，根据《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》，因治疗疾病 需要，个人凭医疗机构出具的医疗诊断书、本人身份证明，可 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's regulations and customs measures regarding the export of fentanyl-related substances, emphasizing strict control and management to prevent smuggling and misuse [1][2]. Summary by Sections Regulations on Fentanyl Exports - Fentanyl and its derivatives are classified as narcotic drugs under the "Directory of Narcotic Drugs" (2013 edition) and are subject to strict management according to the "Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China" [1]. - Import and export of narcotic drugs require licenses issued by the national drug regulatory authority. Individuals may carry a limited amount of narcotic drugs for personal medical use, provided they have a medical diagnosis and identification [1]. Customs Measures Against Smuggling - In 2019, all fentanyl-related substances were classified under the "Supplementary Directory of Non-Medicinal Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances," prohibiting production, sale, transportation, and import/export by any entity or individual [2]. - The customs authority employs a comprehensive strategy to combat smuggling, including risk analysis, enhanced inspection efforts, and the use of advanced detection equipment like CT and X-ray machines [2]. - Continuous training for customs officers is emphasized to improve their ability to detect and prevent the smuggling of fentanyl-related substances [2].