裂腹鱼并不是某一种鱼，其种类繁多，我国裂腹鱼类种数占世界裂腹鱼类种数的80%。因肛门两侧各有1列对称的臀鳞，且两侧臀鳞所附着的皮质 层分开，形似腹部开裂，故名为裂腹鱼。 在科考行程中，几乎每条河流均出现了裂腹鱼的身影，部分断面数量之多让科考人员惊讶。多次发现大量刚刚孵化不久的裂腹鱼，证明了裂腹鱼 在长江源多处水域均分布有高质量的产卵场，水生态环境满足鱼类生长的需求。 除裂腹鱼外，李伟还发现了细尾高原鳅等多种高原特有鱼类。冰冷刺骨、浑浊或清澈的水下，处处谱写着生命的奇迹。 "分布在长江源的鱼类主要有6种，其中包括2种裂腹鱼亚科鱼类和4种高原鳅属鱼类。"李伟介绍，这几种鱼中，裂腹鱼类中的一种——小头裸裂尻 鱼，它们仅分布在海拔4400米至5200米的高海拔区域，分布范围狭窄，是世界上海拔分布最高的鲤科鱼类，也是长江源水生态系统健康与否的指 示种，具有极高的科研价值、生态价值和潜在的经济价值。 在江源地区，鱼类"三场一通道"即索饵场、产卵场、越冬场和洄游通道，是李伟等科考队员多年研究的课题。2019年以来，他们扎根高原，冒着 风霜雨雪、克服高寒缺氧，深入研究鱼类的特殊栖息地。 "要保护这种珍贵的江源鱼种，目前最关键 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article pays tribute to the contributions of Cao Wenxuan, a prominent ichthyologist, highlighting his lifelong dedication to fish research and conservation efforts in China, particularly in the Yangtze River [4][20]. Group 1: Personal Background and Achievements - Cao Wenxuan, born in 1934 in Sichuan, has dedicated over 70 years to fish research, significantly impacting the understanding of aquatic biodiversity in China [4][22]. - He has been instrumental in promoting the artificial breeding of the Wuchang fish, which has become a staple in Chinese households [12][13]. - His research has led to the discovery of 22 new fish species and has provided evidence for geological changes in the Tibetan Plateau through the study of fish evolution [17][14]. Group 2: Conservation Efforts - Since 2006, Cao has advocated for a ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River to restore fish populations, which has seen positive results in recent years [20][19]. - The decline in fish populations, particularly the "Four Major Fish" species, has been alarming, with spawning numbers dropping from billions in the 1960s to less than 70 million [19][20]. - The comprehensive fishing ban initiated in 2021 has already shown signs of ecological recovery, with increased sightings of previously rare species like the Yangtze River dolphin [20][22].