Core Viewpoint - The research team from the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission has discovered a variety of unique fish species in the source of the Yangtze River, highlighting the ecological significance and potential economic value of these species in extreme high-altitude environments [1][2][4]. Group 1: Fish Species and Their Significance - The primary fish species identified in the Yangtze River source include six types, with two being from the carp family and four from the loach family, showcasing the biodiversity in this extreme habitat [2][4]. - The small-headed naked carp, found at altitudes between 4,400 meters and 5,200 meters, is noted as the highest distributed cyprinid fish globally and serves as an indicator of the health of the Yangtze River ecosystem, possessing high scientific, ecological, and potential economic value [2][4]. Group 2: Research and Conservation Efforts - The research team has focused on identifying critical habitats for fish, particularly spawning grounds, which are essential for the conservation of these unique species. The precise location of spawning grounds was only discovered in 2021, marking a significant breakthrough in conservation efforts [2][4]. - The study of spawning grounds has revealed that the small-headed naked carp buries its eggs in riverbed gravel to protect them from harsh UV radiation, indicating a unique adaptation to the extreme environment [4]. - The findings from this research not only support the protection of fish habitats but also provide insights into the impacts of climate change on the water ecosystem of the Yangtze River source [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article pays tribute to the contributions of Cao Wenxuan, a prominent ichthyologist, highlighting his lifelong dedication to fish research and conservation efforts in China, particularly in the Yangtze River [4][20]. Group 1: Personal Background and Achievements - Cao Wenxuan, born in 1934 in Sichuan, has dedicated over 70 years to fish research, significantly impacting the understanding of aquatic biodiversity in China [4][22]. - He has been instrumental in promoting the artificial breeding of the Wuchang fish, which has become a staple in Chinese households [12][13]. - His research has led to the discovery of 22 new fish species and has provided evidence for geological changes in the Tibetan Plateau through the study of fish evolution [17][14]. Group 2: Conservation Efforts - Since 2006, Cao has advocated for a ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River to restore fish populations, which has seen positive results in recent years [20][19]. - The decline in fish populations, particularly the "Four Major Fish" species, has been alarming, with spawning numbers dropping from billions in the 1960s to less than 70 million [19][20]. - The comprehensive fishing ban initiated in 2021 has already shown signs of ecological recovery, with increased sightings of previously rare species like the Yangtze River dolphin [20][22].