Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing debate between the use of squat toilets and Western-style toilets in public places, particularly in shopping malls and tourist attractions, highlighting the preferences and hygiene concerns of different user groups [6][40][68]. Group 1: User Preferences - Many users express a strong preference for squat toilets due to perceived hygiene issues with Western-style toilets, often citing visible stains and the fear of germs [8][15][42]. - Conversely, supporters of Western-style toilets argue that they are more comfortable and cleaner, especially in well-maintained facilities [34][39][62]. - The article notes that in mixed facilities, squat toilets often have long lines while Western-style toilets remain unused, indicating a clear division in user preferences [11][12]. Group 2: Hygiene Considerations - Studies have shown that squat toilets can splash more water droplets compared to Western-style toilets, potentially spreading germs [43][44][51]. - The design of modern Western-style toilets, including features like siphon systems, helps to contain odors and reduce the spread of aerosols [49][50]. - Despite concerns about hygiene, the article suggests that the actual risk of disease transmission from using Western-style toilets is low, as most pathogens do not survive long in dry environments [51][52]. Group 3: Cost and Maintenance - The article highlights that squat toilets are generally cheaper to install and maintain compared to Western-style toilets, making them a preferred choice for public facilities like parks and subway stations [54][57]. - In contrast, shopping malls often opt for Western-style toilets as a status symbol, associating them with higher quality and a more upscale experience for customers [60][62]. - The initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs for Western-style toilets are higher, but they are seen as essential for attracting consumers in high-end retail environments [61][63]. Group 4: Evolving Public Facilities - There is a growing trend among public facilities to improve hygiene and user experience, with some malls and tourist spots investing in luxurious restroom designs [74][75]. - Innovations such as automatic toilet seat covers and enhanced cleaning protocols are being implemented to address user concerns about cleanliness [77][80]. - The article concludes that while preferences vary, the overall cleanliness and maintenance of restrooms significantly influence user choices between squat and Western-style toilets [72][73].