Core Viewpoint - The separation of sampling and testing in national surface water environmental quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring data authenticity and accuracy, but there are significant operational issues that need to be addressed [1][2]. Group 1: Issues in Sampling Process - Some sampling agencies lack clear sampling plans, leading to delays in sample analysis and reporting [1][2]. - Non-compliance with sampling protocols, such as improper sample handling and transportation, can compromise data integrity [1][2]. - Issues like sample mislabeling and inadequate transportation conditions result in resource wastage due to the need for re-sampling and re-testing [1][2]. Group 2: Challenges in Analysis and Testing - The irregular timing of sample collection and delivery affects the efficiency of analysis, leading to reagent waste and equipment wear [2]. - Insufficient understanding of potential sample interferences by analysts can distort results [2]. - The monitoring task guidelines are outdated and do not meet the needs of modern monitoring practices [2]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Establish a comprehensive quality management system to oversee the entire sampling and testing process [3][4]. - Strengthen supervision of sampling agencies by requiring detailed monthly sampling plans and performance evaluations [3][4]. - Enhance training for sampling and testing personnel to improve operational skills and adherence to protocols [4]. - Update operational guidelines and methods to align with current monitoring requirements [4]. - Improve the functionality of data reporting software to enhance efficiency and reduce errors in data handling [4]. Group 4: Advancements in Monitoring Infrastructure - Accelerate the construction of automatic water quality monitoring stations to achieve comprehensive regional coverage [5].