Group 1 - A new 3D printing technology developed by the research team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne allows for the creation of complex, high-strength, and high-density metal and ceramic components using ordinary hydrogels, overcoming the limitations of traditional photopolymerization methods [1][2] - The innovative approach involves printing a shape first and then selecting the material, which contrasts with conventional methods that require material selection before printing [1][3] - The technology has demonstrated significant advantages, including a pressure tolerance that is 20 times greater than that of materials produced by traditional methods and a shrinkage rate of only 20%, compared to the typical 60%-90% [2] Group 2 - The new 3D printing process is particularly suitable for manufacturing lightweight, high-strength, and complex three-dimensional devices, such as sensors, biomedical devices, and energy conversion and storage systems [2] - This method allows for the production of metal structures with high specific surface area and excellent heat dissipation properties, making it applicable in the energy technology sector [2] - The shift from "manufacturing parts" to "growing functions" represents a significant advancement that could lead to transformative changes in industries such as aerospace, biomedical, and robotics [3]