Core Viewpoint - The development of a new fluorescent molecular palette named "Lanthanide Rainbow" by a research team from Fudan University enhances surgical precision and safety by enabling high-resolution imaging of complex organ structures during operations [1][2]. Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The "Lanthanide Rainbow" molecular palette overcomes light-tissue interaction challenges, achieving high-resolution nine-color imaging in deep tissues [1]. - The research team utilized the unique optical properties of the rare earth element erbium and introduced an innovative "excitation coding, single emission" strategy to improve photon utilization efficiency and image fidelity across different wavelengths [2]. - The new method ensures consistent high contrast across all imaging channels, allowing for precise differentiation of nine high-fidelity signals even in deep tissues [2]. Group 2: Application and Impact - The AI-assisted "Lanthanide Rainbow" molecular palette successfully guided surgeries in a colorectal cancer mouse model using five-color fluorescence [2]. - The system can simultaneously visualize tumor primary sites, metastatic nodules, blood vessels, and intestinal movements, providing real-time anatomical and functional information during surgery [2]. - Future applications may enable surgeons to view dynamic images of tumors, blood vessels, lymph nodes, and intestines in real-time, significantly enhancing the ability for precise excision and intraoperative decision-making [2].