Core Insights - The article highlights the prevalence of fraudulent practices in the market for Hetian jade, where unscrupulous merchants exploit consumer ignorance to deceive buyers and disrupt market order [1] Group 1: Market Practices - There exists a counterfeit industry chain in major Hetian jade processing and trading hubs, where low-cost materials such as Qinghai jade and Korean jade are used as bases to mimic high-end Hetian jade [1] - Fraudulent techniques include the use of roller machines for shaping and polishing, as well as chemical agents for dyeing, to create fake Hetian jade [1] Group 2: Certification and Sales - Inferior jade materials containing impurities are treated with a bleaching technique colloquially known as "pulling monkey hair" to disguise them as high-quality jade for sale [1] - Afghan jade, which resembles Hetian jade but is significantly cheaper, is being mixed into Hetian jade sales, with prices in live-streaming sessions marked up by several times [1] - Merchants offer Afghan jade with matching "certificates of authenticity" for just a few yuan, and these certificates can be produced quickly, further facilitating the sale of counterfeit products [1]