Core Viewpoint - The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen energy industry in China, proposing a strategic framework for hydrogen energy development under the global carbon neutrality strategy, highlighting the interconnections within the hydrogen supply chain [2][4]. Group 1: Upstream Hydrogen Production - The construction of the hydrogen production supply chain is fundamental for the development of the hydrogen energy industry, focusing on diversified raw material sources, low-carbon production paths, and efficient production processes [6]. - Traditional hydrogen production methods, particularly thermochemical conversion based on fossil fuels, remain significant, but recent advancements in catalytic materials and process optimization have improved hydrogen yield while reducing energy consumption and environmental impact [6]. - Electrolysis of water is identified as a crucial breakthrough in clean hydrogen production, with innovations in core materials and system integration enhancing electrolysis efficiency and adaptability to renewable energy sources [6]. - Advanced gasification technologies and new pyrolysis processes are improving the flexibility and adaptability of hydrogen production systems, optimizing hydrogen yield and reducing carbon emissions [6]. Group 2: Midstream Hydrogen Storage and Transportation - The hydrogen transport and storage segment is central to the hydrogen supply chain, with optimization focusing on increasing hydrogen density, reducing transportation costs, and establishing efficient distribution systems [7]. - Research on storage technologies emphasizes the diversification and optimization of materials, with applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene-derived materials enhancing adsorption efficiency and dynamic response [7]. - Global initiatives are underway to develop infrastructure for hydrogen blending in natural gas pipelines and pure hydrogen pipelines, aimed at lowering transportation costs and improving supply chain efficiency [7]. - Geological hydrogen storage technologies, such as salt cavern storage, provide feasible solutions for large-scale hydrogen storage, supporting long-term regulation in power systems [7]. Group 3: Downstream Hydrogen Utilization - The terminal applications of hydrogen energy are advancing towards cross-industry integration, large-scale deployment, and systematic development, covering transportation, industry, building energy, and power storage [8]. - In the transportation sector, a closed-loop supply chain for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has been established, focusing on optimizing core components and infrastructure to enhance economic viability and industrialization [8]. - Hydrogen is utilized as a low-carbon reducing agent in industrial processes, including green hydrogen steelmaking and the synthesis of chemical feedstocks, demonstrating efficient coupling with existing industrial workflows [8]. - In the building energy sector, the expansion of hydrogen energy supply chains is evident in the development of hydrogen-based microgrids and zero-carbon buildings, promoting carbon neutrality in the construction sector [8]. - Hydrogen energy is becoming a core technology for long-cycle, large-scale energy storage, integrating with renewable energy to enhance grid flexibility and energy security [8].