Core Viewpoint - By 2030, China's steel industry aims to reach globally advanced technological levels, focusing on high-end steel material preparation and low-carbon metallurgy technologies, establishing itself as a core source of technological progress in the global steel industry [1][26]. Group 1: Achievements During the 14th Five-Year Plan - Significant achievements in technological innovation were made in the steel industry, including breakthroughs in key common technologies, low-carbon transformation, intelligent manufacturing, and high-end material supply, which supported high-quality industry development [2][27]. - The industry successfully tackled critical challenges in large equipment manufacturing and low-carbon metallurgy, publishing a list of best available technologies for ultra-low emissions, positioning itself among the world's leaders in low-carbon metallurgy technology [2][27]. - The self-sufficiency rate for 22 categories of steel products reached 100%, with continuous improvements in high-strength, high-plasticity, lightweight, and easy-welding properties, leading to diversification and high-end development of steel products [2][27]. Group 2: Innovation Ecosystem Development - Key listed steel companies are expected to have an average R&D investment ratio of 4.3% by 2024, with continuous increases in innovation input intensity and significant improvements in R&D efficiency [3][28]. - The establishment of a steel industry technology innovation working committee and the formation of a consensus among research institute leaders have promoted collaborative innovation across industry, academia, and research [3][28]. Group 3: Challenges Facing the 15th Five-Year Plan - The steel industry faces five major challenges, including the urgent need for green transformation and low-carbon development, with issues such as immature key low-carbon technologies and insufficient experience in responding to international green barriers [4][29]. - Digital and intelligent transformation is insufficient, characterized by inadequate infrastructure, low autonomy of key software and models, and a severe shortage of interdisciplinary talent [4][29]. - Bottlenecks in high-end and low-carbon steel material development persist, including lagging original theoretical research and issues with product quality consistency [5][30]. Group 4: Key Technological Directions for the 15th Five-Year Plan - The overall goal for the end of the 15th Five-Year Plan includes achieving international advanced levels in product quality stability and consistency, with a focus on key high-end steel products for major national projects [6][31]. - Eight key technological directions have been identified, including efficient resource development, energy-saving iron-making technology, and clean steel production technology, with specific targets set for 2030 and 2035 [7][32][33]. - The development of digital and intelligent manufacturing process control technologies is also prioritized, aiming for significant advancements in production efficiency and resource collaboration by 2030 [11][36].