Summary of Amplitude's Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Amplitude - **Industry**: Software, specifically in product and marketing analytics Key Points and Arguments Business Transformation - Amplitude is evolving into an infrastructure layer that integrates behavioral heuristics, enhancing marketing and customer experience use cases [5][6] - The company aims to consolidate fragmented markets in product analytics, marketing analytics, and data workflows, driven by AI agents [11][12] AI Agents and Customer Interaction - Early customer feedback indicates that AI agents simplify user interactions, allowing non-technical users to engage with the platform more effectively [15][17] - AI agents can automate insights and run experiments, significantly improving workflow efficiency [16][17] Pricing and Packaging Strategy - Amplitude is shifting to a more transparent and simplified pricing model to encourage adoption and reduce friction in the sales process [19][21] - The new pricing structure is designed to incentivize customers to replace multiple applications with Amplitude, offering better value [21][24] Customer Adoption and Retention - The company has seen a net retention rate of 105%, with a long-term goal of 115% driven by cross-selling and upselling strategies [35][37] - 74% of customers are using two or more products, indicating strong potential for further expansion within the existing customer base [38] Market Positioning and Competition - Amplitude is focusing on balancing new customer acquisition with expansion within existing accounts, aiming for a more even split between new logos and expansion revenue [40] - The company is enhancing its competitive edge through innovative product offerings and improved customer engagement strategies [53][55] Financial Performance - Remaining performance obligations (RPO) grew by 35% year-over-year, with contract durations nearing 22 months [58] - The sales team is being trained to construct deals that align with customer needs, particularly in enterprise environments [60] Future Investments and Product Development - Amplitude plans to invest in both existing products and new segments, with a focus on enhancing agentic capabilities and addressing customer feedback [66][68] - The company is exploring opportunities in agentic search and advertising, responding to market demands for personalized solutions [69][70] Additional Important Insights - The transition to a more enterprise-focused sales strategy is expected to drive long-term growth, with a focus on building partnerships and expanding the customer base [47][49] - Amplitude's gross margins are targeted to improve over time, with a focus on managing costs associated with data ingestion and service delivery [42][45] This summary encapsulates the key insights from Amplitude's conference call, highlighting the company's strategic direction, market positioning, and financial performance.

Amplitude (NasdaqCM:AMPL) 2026 Conference Summary Company Overview - **Company**: Amplitude - **Industry**: Digital Analytics and Product Analytics - **Current Status**: Transitioning to an AI-native platform, focusing on enterprise solutions and cross-selling opportunities Key Points and Arguments Leadership and Background - Andrew Casey, the CFO of Amplitude, has a diverse background in finance and operations, having worked at companies like Sun Microsystems, Oracle, Symantec, and ServiceNow, where he significantly contributed to growth and transformation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305][306][307][308][309] Business Performance - Amplitude reported a **17% growth** in Q4, marking one of its best quarters ever [259][260] - The company has shown **accelerating growth for six consecutive quarters**, improving from a previous growth rate of **6%** [263][264][265][266][267][268] - Achieved **profitability for the first time**, indicating a positive shift in financial health [263] Product and Market Strategy - Amplitude serves as an **instrumentation layer** for businesses to understand customer interactions with their digital products [244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252] - The company is expanding its reach beyond software companies to various industries, including healthcare and finance, by automating processes and enhancing customer interactions [253][254][255][304] - Focus on **cross-selling** additional modules and capabilities, which has been a significant driver of growth [282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294] Future Outlook - The company aims to become **AI-native**, integrating AI into its product offerings and operations [271][272] - There is a strong belief in the potential for continued growth driven by increased data ingestion and cross-selling opportunities [280][281][282][283] Customer Engagement - Amplitude's customers primarily include end-users, with plans to develop a partner-led model to enhance business opportunities [305] - The company has established a presence in the healthcare sector, working with clients on patient onboarding and operational efficiencies [304] Additional Insights - The transition to an AI-native platform is expected to drive innovation and product development across the company [271][272] - The leadership emphasizes a collaborative relationship between the CEO and CFO, fostering an environment of mutual learning and operational efficiency [225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fourth quarter revenue was $91.4 million, up 17% year-over-year, exceeding the high end of revenue guidance [4][32] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) reached $366 million, up 17% year-over-year, marking the highest net new ARR quarter since 2021 [4][32] - Non-GAAP operating income was $4.2 million, or 4.6% of revenue [4][36] - Gross margin for the fourth quarter was 77%, flat compared to the fourth quarter of 2024 [34] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 698, an increase of 18% year-over-year [5][33] - The number of customers representing $1 million or more in ARR grew to 56, up 33% year-over-year [33] - 44% of customers now have multiple products, with 74% of ARR coming from that cohort [33][28] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - ARR for the enterprise customer cohort is up 20% year-over-year, with higher retention and expansion rates than the rest of the business [25] - Dollar-Based Net Retention improved to above 105% after exiting 2024 at 100% [29] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on capturing the enterprise market and accelerating multi-product adoption while leading in innovation [25] - The introduction of AI products is expected to expand adoption and use cases, enhancing the overall market opportunity [28][39] - The new pricing and packaging strategy aims to reduce friction in product adoption and encourage greater consumption [30] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the long-term value of the platform and the ability to scale a durable and growing business [41] - The company anticipates revenue for Q1 FY 2026 to be between $91.7 million to $93.7 million, representing an annual growth rate of 16% at the midpoint [40] - For the full year of 2026, revenue is expected to be between $390 million and $398 million, an annual growth rate of 15% at the midpoint [41] Other Important Information - The company acquired InfiniGrow, an AI-native marketing analytics startup, to enhance its platform capabilities [12] - The introduction of AI agents is expected to fundamentally change how teams interact with analytics data, making the process more efficient [12][13] Q&A Session Summary Question: How do you see Amplitude's agents and third-party agents evolving? - Both Amplitude's agents and third-party agents use the same underlying infrastructure, allowing for seamless integration and functionality [44][45] Question: Was the upside in Q4 numbers lighter than expected? - Q4 was strong for new logo ARR, with a large proportion of ARR booked later in the quarter compared to previous quarters [47][48] Question: How much of the NRR improvement is due to upsells versus mitigating churn? - The improvement in dollar retention was primarily related to cross-sell capabilities, with customers increasingly adopting more applications [53][54] Question: How does the new pricing model drive engagement and predictability? - The new pricing model provides greater visibility into data ingestion and reduces friction, making it easier for customers to adopt the platform [63][64] Question: What role will InfiniGrow play in addressing customer needs? - InfiniGrow brings expertise in AI analytics and automating workflows, which will help meet the evolving needs of customers transitioning from legacy tools [68][70]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Q4 revenue was $91.4 million, up 17% year-over-year, exceeding revenue guidance [4][32] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) reached $366 million, up 17% year-over-year, marking the highest net new ARR quarter since 2021 [4][32] - Non-GAAP operating income was $4.2 million, or 4.6% of revenue [4][32] - Free cash flow in Q4 was $11.2 million, or 12% of revenue, compared to $1.5 million, or 2% of revenue, during the same period last year [37] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 698, an increase of 18% year-over-year [5][33] - The number of customers representing $1 million or more in ARR grew to 56, up 33% year-over-year [33] - 44% of customers now have multiple products, with 74% of ARR coming from that cohort [33] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - ARR for the enterprise customer cohort is up 20% year-over-year, with higher retention and expansion rates than the rest of the business [25] - Dollar-Based Net Retention improved to above 105% after exiting 2024 at 100% [29] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on capturing the enterprise market and accelerating multi-product adoption while leading in innovation [25] - The introduction of new AI products is expected to expand adoption and use cases, enhancing the overall market opportunity [28] - The new pricing and packaging strategy aims to reduce friction in product adoption and encourage greater consumption of the platform [30] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the long-term value of the platform and the ability to scale a durable and growing business [41] - The company anticipates revenue for Q1 FY 2026 to be between $91.7 million and $93.7 million, representing an annual growth rate of 16% at the midpoint [40] - For the full year of 2026, revenue is expected to be between $390 million and $398 million, an annual growth rate of 15% at the midpoint [41] Other Important Information - The company acquired InfiniGrow, an AI-native marketing analytics startup, to enhance its platform capabilities [12] - The introduction of AI agents is expected to fundamentally change how teams interact with analytics data, making it easier to derive insights and take action [12][13] Q&A Session Summary Question: Insights on the evolution of Amplitude's agents and third-party agents - Management clarified that both Amplitude's agents and third-party agents use the same underlying infrastructure, allowing for seamless integration and functionality [45][46] Question: Clarification on Q4 numbers and ARR growth - Management noted that Q4 was strong for new logo ARR, with a significant portion booked later in the quarter, setting up future growth opportunities [47][48] Question: Improvement in Net Revenue Retention (NRR) - Management attributed the improvement in NRR to increased cross-sell capabilities and better customer data ingestion into the platform [53][54] Question: Predictability in the new pricing model - Management emphasized that the new pricing model provides greater visibility and predictability for customers, enhancing their experience and reducing friction [63][65] Question: Role of InfiniGrow in addressing customer needs - Management highlighted InfiniGrow's expertise in AI analytics and its potential to meet the evolving needs of customers transitioning from legacy marketing tools [68][70] Question: Cross-selling opportunities and the role of agents - Management explained that analytics is the core of the platform, and agents will enhance the value of other products by automating analysis and providing actionable insights [73][75]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Q4 2025 revenue was $91.4 million, up 17% year-over-year, exceeding revenue guidance [3][32] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) reached $366 million, up 17% year-over-year, marking the highest net new ARR quarter since 2021 [3][32] - Non-GAAP operating income was $4.2 million, or 4.6% of revenue [3][36] - Gross margin for Q4 was 77%, flat compared to Q4 2024 [34] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 698, an increase of 18% year-over-year [4][33] - The number of customers with $1 million or more in ARR grew to 56, up 33% year-over-year [33] - 44% of customers now have multiple products, with 74% of ARR coming from that cohort [33][27] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - ARR for enterprise customers increased by 20% year-over-year, with higher retention and expansion rates [25] - Dollar-Based Net Retention improved to above 105% after exiting 2024 at 100% [28] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on enterprise growth and multi-product adoption, establishing a new baseline for durable growth [25][26] - The introduction of AI products is expected to expand adoption and use cases, enhancing the overall platform value [27][39] - The company aims to consolidate the fragmented market and improve go-to-market strategies [39] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the long-term value of the platform and the potential for significant growth driven by AI capabilities [24][39] - The company anticipates revenue for Q1 2026 to be between $91.7 million and $93.7 million, representing an annual growth rate of 16% at the midpoint [40] - For the full year 2026, revenue is expected to be between $390 million and $398 million, an annual growth rate of 15% at the midpoint [41] Other Important Information - The company acquired InfiniGrow, an AI-native marketing analytics startup, to enhance its platform capabilities [11] - Free cash flow in Q4 was $11.2 million, or 12% of revenue, compared to $1.5 million, or 2% of revenue, during the same period last year [36] Q&A Session Summary Question: On the evolution of Amplitude's agents and third-party agents - Management clarified that both Amplitude's agents and third-party agents use the same underlying infrastructure, allowing for seamless integration and functionality [44][45] Question: Regarding Q4 numbers and potential areas of concern - Management noted that Q4 was strong for new logo ARR, with a significant portion booked later in the quarter, which may have affected the perceived upside [47][48] Question: On the improvement in net dollar retention - Management attributed the improvement primarily to cross-sell capabilities and the reduction of capacity-related issues that previously hindered retention [54][55] Question: On the predictability of the new pricing model - Management emphasized that the new pricing model provides greater transparency and predictability for customers, facilitating easier adoption of the platform [64][65] Question: On the acquisition of InfiniGrow and its impact - Management highlighted that InfiniGrow brings valuable AI analytics expertise and familiarity with marketing analysts, which will help address customer needs as the market evolves [68][69]

Summary of Amplitude Conference Call Company Overview - Amplitude focuses on enhancing digital engagement for clients through detailed analytics of user interactions with applications, including mobile, web, and desktop platforms [3][4] - The company has evolved from core analytics to a broader platform approach, integrating capabilities like Experimentation, Session Replay, Guides, and Surveys [5] Core Business Insights - Amplitude's customer base is diverse, with over 30% being digital native companies, while also expanding into traditional enterprises like First American Title and retail giants like Walmart [8][9] - The company is increasingly appealing to various roles within organizations, including Chief Product Officers, Chief Digital Officers, and Chief Marketing Officers, indicating a broadening of its market reach [32] AI Integration - AI is viewed as a significant opportunity for Amplitude, with the potential to enhance developer productivity and increase the need for instrumentation [11][12] - The company is implementing agenda capabilities to optimize the use of its platform, allowing for increased productivity in experimentation and analysis [12][13] Customer Composition and ARR - 67% of Amplitude's Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) comes from multi-product customers, indicating a strong opportunity for cross-selling within the existing customer base [19][21] - The company has reduced the percentage of its install base that needs to be renewed from 89% to 72%, with a target of closer to 60% in the near future, which should improve sales productivity [27][28] Sales Strategy and Go-to-Market Improvements - Amplitude has shifted its sales strategy to focus on value-based selling and multi-year contracts, which has led to improved customer engagement and reduced churn [24][26] - The sales team is being trained to sell the entire platform rather than just individual products, enhancing the overall value proposition to customers [25] Financial Performance and Growth Strategy - The company aims to grow revenues faster than expenses, targeting operational leverage and positive operating income in the coming years [38][40] - Recent improvements in the sales pipeline and customer conversations indicate a positive outlook heading into year-end [52] M&A Strategy - Amplitude is focused on acquiring technology and teams that can quickly fill gaps in its capabilities, rather than pursuing large transformative acquisitions [41][42] - Recent acquisitions have been aimed at enhancing product offerings, such as Guides and Surveys, and improving the overall technology stack [43] Talent Acquisition - The company is actively working to attract top talent, particularly in AI, leveraging strong relationships within the startup community [45] - There is a growing pool of talent from universities that are well-versed in AI tools, which Amplitude is tapping into [46] Conclusion - Amplitude is positioned to leverage its diverse customer base, AI integration, and improved sales strategies to drive future growth and enhance its market presence [55]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The first quarter revenue was $80 million, up 10% year over year and 2% quarter over quarter [5][32] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) increased to $320 million, up 12% year over year and $8 million sequentially [5][32] - Non-GAAP operating loss was $2.1 million, approximately $2.4 million better than the midpoint of guidance [6][35] - Dollar-based net retention (NRR) reached 101% in Q1, up five points from its lowest level in Q2 of the previous year [9][33] - Gross margin was 77%, consistent with the previous quarter [34] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 617, an increase of 18% year over year [6][33] - Multiproduct customers now make up 30% of the installed base and 64% of total ARR [7][9] - The company is focusing on enterprise customers, with almost two-thirds of ARR coming from this segment [8][19] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is seeing strong enterprise momentum, landing new customers like Hertz and The Economist Group [8][19] - Total remaining performance obligations (RPO) accelerated to 30% growth year over year, while long-term RPO accelerated to 72% growth year over year [26] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is positioning itself as a complete end-to-end digital analytics platform for enterprises, aiming to replace point solutions [24] - A new strategic enterprise accounts team has been created to focus on the top 30 customers and prospects [9][19] - The company is emphasizing product innovation, with recent launches including Guides and Surveys, which have seen strong adoption [10][11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledges the macroeconomic challenges but remains focused on helping customers derive value from the platform [10][37] - The company expects revenues for Q2 2025 to be between $80.3 million and $82.3 million, representing an annual growth rate of 11% at the midpoint [38] - For the full year 2025, revenue expectations have been raised to between $329 million and $333 million, reflecting a 10.5% annual growth rate at the midpoint [39] Other Important Information - The board of directors has approved a $50 million share repurchase program to manage future dilution and take advantage of stock price dislocations [39] - The company is focused on operational excellence and building a durable enterprise SaaS business [37][39] Q&A Session Summary Question: Insights on net new ARR metric - Management noted that the increase in net new ARR was driven by improved retention and successful enterprise wins, with a focus on platform capabilities [42][43] Question: Improving market awareness of new products - Management acknowledged the need to educate existing customers about new offerings, emphasizing the transition from an analytics-focused company to a comprehensive platform [46][48] Question: Comparison of new marketing products to previous CDP-related products - Management highlighted that the current marketing analytics capabilities are more robust, allowing for a full switch from competitors like Google Analytics [52][56] Question: Operating leverage in the second half of the year - Management indicated that improvements in gross margins, sales productivity, and operational efficiencies would drive operating leverage [58][60] Question: Budget scrutiny from customers - Management noted that CFOs are increasingly focused on ROI from investments in Amplitude, which is driving the need for greater efficiency and value [96][97]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company's Q1 2025 revenue was $80 million, representing a 10% year-over-year increase [4][29] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) reached $320 million, up 12% year-over-year and $8 million sequentially [4][29] - Non-GAAP operating loss was $2.1 million, which was approximately $2.4 million better than the midpoint of guidance [32] - Dollar-based net retention (NRR) improved to 101%, up five points from its lowest level in Q2 of the previous year [7][30] - Gross margin for Q1 was 77%, consistent with the previous quarter [31] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 617, an increase of 18% year-over-year [5][30] - Multiproduct customers now account for 30% of the installed base and 64% of total ARR [6] - The company is focusing on enterprise customers, with almost two-thirds of ARR coming from this segment [6][17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total remaining performance obligations (RPO) accelerated to 30% growth year-over-year, while long-term RPO grew by 72% year-over-year [24] - The company is seeing strong enterprise momentum, landing new customers like Hertz and The Economist Group [6][17] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is positioning itself as a complete end-to-end digital analytics platform for enterprises, aiming to replace point solutions [22] - A new strategic enterprise accounts team has been created to focus on the top 30 customers and prospects [7] - The company is emphasizing product innovation, with new offerings like Guides and Surveys gaining traction [8][9] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledges the macroeconomic challenges but remains focused on helping customers derive value from the platform [8] - The company expects continued revenue growth, projecting Q2 2025 revenues between $80.3 million and $82.3 million, representing an annual growth rate of 11% at the midpoint [35] - For the full year 2025, revenue expectations have been raised to between $329 million and $333 million, reflecting a 10.5% annual growth rate at the midpoint [37] Other Important Information - The board of directors approved a $50 million share repurchase program to manage future dilution and take advantage of stock price dislocations [37] - The company is focused on operational excellence and aims for positive free cash flow and non-GAAP profitability [34] Q&A Session Summary Question: What drove the net new ARR metric in the quarter? - Management indicated that the improvement in retention and new customer acquisition, along with a focus on enterprise wins, contributed to the outperformance [40][41] Question: How does the company plan to improve market awareness of new products? - Management acknowledged the need for education among existing customers about the expanded product offerings and emphasized ongoing efforts to communicate these changes [44][45] Question: What are the main drivers of operating leverage in the back half of the year? - Management highlighted optimizations across gross margins, sales productivity, and G&A expenses as key drivers for improved operating leverage [56][58] Question: How does the partnership with Twilio enhance the company's strategy? - The partnership is seen as beneficial due to the overlap in customer bases and the goal of positioning the company as an application layer on top of existing CDPs [72][74] Question: What is the company's outlook regarding macroeconomic pressures? - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to drive growth and deliver value to customers, even in a challenging macro environment [86][90]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fourth quarter revenue was $78 million, up 9% year-over-year [11][50] - Annual recurring revenue (ARR) increased to $312 million, up $13 million from the previous quarter [11][50] - Non-GAAP operating income was $0.2 million, with free cash flow for the year at almost $12 million [11][54] - Gross margin for Q4 was 77%, consistent with Q4 2023 [52][120] - Net income per share was $0.02 based on 135.7 million diluted shares, compared to $0.04 with 129.2 million diluted shares a year ago [54][122] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customers with more than $100,000 in ARR grew to 591, an increase of 16% year-over-year [11][51] - In-period net revenue retention (NRR) was 100%, a 2-point increase sequentially, while trailing 12-month NRR was 97% [51][119] - 67% of new land ARR in targeted accounts came from multi-product deals, indicating a strong cross-sell opportunity [30][97] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The macro environment remains challenging, particularly for new logos, but churn rates are stabilizing [40][109] - The company is focused on larger enterprises, defined as those with over 1,000 employees or generating over $100 million in revenue [44][113] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to build an extensible platform that allows customers to create mission-critical workflows [44][112] - 2025 is positioned as the year of the Amplitude platform, emphasizing integrated solutions over standalone products [12][78] - A new strategic enterprise accounts team has been created to focus on top customers and prospects, enhancing relationships and driving higher gross bookings [27][95] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expects continued pressure in the lower end of the market but is optimistic about improving churn rates [40][109] - The company plans to reinvest in its platform opportunity and is confident in its ability to build a durable growth model [56][126] - For Q1 2025, revenue is expected to be between $78.5 million and $80.5 million, representing an annual growth rate of 10% at the midpoint [57][125] Other Important Information - The company launched new products, including Guides and Surveys, just four months after acquiring Command AI, indicating a strong pace of innovation [20][87] - The company is seeing strong demand for its new products, with record-breaking sign-ups on launch day [92][91] Q&A Session Summary Question: What drove the increase in net new ARR? - The increase in net new ARR is attributed to a focus on enterprise coverage and the maturation of sales cycles, with a component of ARR from Command AI contributing approximately $2 million [61][63][62] Question: What is the potential for cross-sell with Command AI? - The early feedback on the Guides and Surveys product indicates a compelling upsell opportunity, with expectations of a 20% to 50% uplift on analytics contracts [64][66][68]