Core Viewpoint - The ketogenic diet (KD) may serve as a potential strategy for treating gliomas by promoting the production of butyrate from gut microbiota, which inhibits glioma progression [4][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - Glioma patients exhibit unique gut microbiota characteristics, specifically a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria, particularly Roseburia faecis, and lower butyrate levels [6][7]. - KD reshapes the gut microbiota in a mucin-2 dependent manner, enriching Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) and increasing butyrate production, which activates caspase-3 in microglia, promoting an anti-tumor phenotype [6][7]. - The anti-glioma effects of KD significantly diminish under antibiotic treatment, germ-free conditions, or specific depletion of mucin-2, microglia, or caspase-3 in microglia [6][7]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - Targeting gut microbiota or supplementing butyrate through KD may represent an effective strategy for glioma treatment [9].