Core Viewpoint - Recent research by Chinese scientists has provided new insights into the structural transformation of hydrogen under extreme pressure, moving closer to the potential discovery of metallic hydrogen, which could have significant implications for various fields, including superconductivity and astrophysics [2][3][9]. Group 1: Scientific Discovery - The Beijing High-Pressure Science Research Center, led by Academician Mao Heguang, published findings in *Nature* revealing the complex arrangement of solid hydrogen at pressures between 212-245 GPa, marking the most detailed observation of solid hydrogen to date [3]. - The transition of hydrogen from gas to liquid and then to solid under increasing pressure involves a significant change in molecular arrangement, with solid hydrogen exhibiting ordered structures at high pressures [4][5]. Group 2: Methodology - The research utilized a diamond anvil cell to create the necessary high-pressure environment, allowing scientists to compress hydrogen to extreme levels [5][7]. - Advanced techniques, including synchrotron radiation, were employed to capture the structural changes of hydrogen, enabling researchers to observe how hydrogen atoms arrange themselves under pressure [8]. Group 3: Implications of Metallic Hydrogen - Metallic hydrogen is anticipated to exhibit electrical conductivity, potentially functioning as a room-temperature superconductor, which could revolutionize energy transmission and various technological applications [9][10]. - Understanding metallic hydrogen may also provide insights into the internal structures of gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, contributing to broader astrophysical theories regarding planetary formation and evolution [10].