在装置设计上，钻石依然不可或缺。团队制作了"钻石砧"。它由两块平坦的钻石表面组成，每块宽约 400微米，大致相当于4颗尘埃颗粒的宽度。这两个表面在高压腔中挤压在一起，高压腔能产生超过3万 倍大气压的极端环境。 科技日报北京9月15日电 （记者张佳欣）据最新一期《自然·通讯》杂志报道，美国华盛顿大学领导的研 究团队研制出一种量子传感器，能够在超过大气压3万倍的极端条件下稳定工作，并实现对材料应力和 磁性的高灵敏测量。这是首个在如此高压环境中成功运行的量子传感器，为探索物质在极端状态下的量 子效应开辟了新途径。 此次团队利用中子辐射束从氮化硼薄片中击出硼原子，在晶格中留下空位。这些空位可以立刻捕获电 子。由于量子级相互作用，电子的自旋能量会根据磁性、应力、温度以及附近材料的其他特性而改变。 通过追踪每个电子的自旋，他们能在量子层面深入洞察被研究的材料。 此前，团队曾经基于钻石缺陷开发出量子传感器。但因为钻石是三维结构，很难让传感器紧贴待研究的 材料。相比之下，氮化硼薄片的厚度可以小于100纳米，大约是一根头发丝宽度的千分之一。这种传感 器本质上是嵌在二维材料里的，传感器与被测材料之间的距离不到1纳米，极大提升了信 ...

Industry Overview - Superconducting magnets utilize superconducting materials to achieve zero resistance at extremely low temperatures, generating strong magnetic fields through superconducting coils [1][2] - The global superconducting materials market is projected to reach €7.13 billion by 2025, with low-temperature superconductors dominating at 78% market share [1][9] - China has established a complete industrial chain for superconducting materials, with production expected to increase 5.5 times from 2018 to 2024, and the market size anticipated to exceed 9.2 billion yuan by 2025 [1][9] Types of Superconducting Magnets - Superconducting magnets are categorized into low-temperature superconductors (e.g., NbTi, Nb₃Sn) and high-temperature superconductors (e.g., YBCO) [3][4] - Low-temperature superconductors require liquid helium cooling and are widely used in MRI and particle accelerators, while high-temperature superconductors operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures, offering lower cooling costs and higher stability [3][4] Production Process - The production of superconducting magnets involves several key steps, including the preparation of superconducting wires, coil winding, integration of low-temperature systems, and rigorous testing [5][6] Market Dynamics - The superconducting materials market is experiencing significant growth, with low-temperature superconductors holding a dominant position due to their mature technology [9][12] - The Chinese superconducting materials industry has seen a compound annual growth rate of 32% since 2011, with a total production of 1,303.2 tons expected in 2024 [9][12] Competitive Landscape - The low-temperature superconducting market is primarily dominated by Western Superconducting Technologies, which holds a 95% market share in China [11][12] - In the high-temperature superconducting sector, companies like Shanghai Superconductor and Fujikura are emerging as key players, with Shanghai Superconductor achieving significant production capacity [16][17] Future Trends - The Chinese superconducting magnet industry is expected to focus on technological breakthroughs, application expansion, and collaborative development across the supply chain [17][18] - Key developments include improvements in high-temperature superconducting material production efficiency and cost reduction, as well as the commercialization of superconducting applications in medical, energy, and transportation sectors [18][19][20]

Group 1 - The commercialization of room-temperature superconductors is still in its early stages, with significant challenges ahead including feasibility, application conditions, and cost [2] - Superconductors are considered superior to conventional conductors, and their development is crucial for various industries, including energy and computing [2] - Companies are observing the developments in superconducting technology and view it as an important research direction, with some already planning strategic investments [2] Group 2 - The global superconducting market was valued at 40.593 billion yuan in 2022 and is projected to reach 61.821 billion yuan by 2028, indicating significant growth potential [3] - The demand for semiconductor and superconducting materials in major sectors like AI and heavy equipment is driving the focus on new material industries [3] - Domestic superconducting industry is expected to experience rapid growth in the coming years, driven by independent innovation [3]

Core Viewpoint - Recent research by Chinese scientists has provided new insights into the structural transformation of hydrogen under extreme pressure, moving closer to the potential discovery of metallic hydrogen, which could have significant implications for various fields, including superconductivity and astrophysics [2][3][9]. Group 1: Scientific Discovery - The Beijing High-Pressure Science Research Center, led by Academician Mao Heguang, published findings in *Nature* revealing the complex arrangement of solid hydrogen at pressures between 212-245 GPa, marking the most detailed observation of solid hydrogen to date [3]. - The transition of hydrogen from gas to liquid and then to solid under increasing pressure involves a significant change in molecular arrangement, with solid hydrogen exhibiting ordered structures at high pressures [4][5]. Group 2: Methodology - The research utilized a diamond anvil cell to create the necessary high-pressure environment, allowing scientists to compress hydrogen to extreme levels [5][7]. - Advanced techniques, including synchrotron radiation, were employed to capture the structural changes of hydrogen, enabling researchers to observe how hydrogen atoms arrange themselves under pressure [8]. Group 3: Implications of Metallic Hydrogen - Metallic hydrogen is anticipated to exhibit electrical conductivity, potentially functioning as a room-temperature superconductor, which could revolutionize energy transmission and various technological applications [9][10]. - Understanding metallic hydrogen may also provide insights into the internal structures of gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, contributing to broader astrophysical theories regarding planetary formation and evolution [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the "Future Science Prize" in promoting groundbreaking scientific research in China, highlighting its role in encouraging young scientists and recognizing impactful contributions in various fields [1][10]. Group 1: Future Science Prize - The "Future Science Prize," often referred to as the "Nobel Prize of China," awards up to $1 million for significant scientific achievements in life sciences, material sciences, and mathematics and computer sciences [1]. - Since its inception, 39 scientists have received the Future Science Prize, emphasizing its growing importance in the scientific community [1]. Group 2: Biomedical Research - The integration of basic, applied, and clinical research in biomedicine is advancing, with potential therapies emerging that could revolutionize disease treatment, such as gene editing for heart disease and cancer [2]. - The scarcity of physician-scientists globally is a challenge that needs to be addressed to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application [2]. Group 3: Energy Solutions - Controlled nuclear fusion is presented as a clean and safe solution to the current energy crisis, with advancements in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion being a key focus [3]. - The Double-cone ignition scheme (DCI) proposed by Chinese researchers aims to improve the efficiency of energy conversion in fusion processes, potentially leading to higher energy gains with lower laser energy [3]. Group 4: Room Temperature Superconductivity - Achieving room temperature superconductivity could significantly impact energy breakthroughs and support advancements in various fields, including artificial intelligence and quantum computing [4]. - The development of core materials is crucial for progress in AI, quantum computing, and energy sectors, with room temperature superconductors being a transformative material for the next two decades [4]. Group 5: Artificial Intelligence in Science - AI is influencing scientific research across various domains, with potential breakthroughs in aging mechanisms and brain health prediction through AI-driven gene analysis [6]. - The combination of AI and quantum computing is seen as a future direction for scientific development, with the potential to create new algorithms and systems [7]. Group 6: Support for Scientists - There is a growing trend in China to establish private scientific awards to encourage original research, with significant funding initiatives like Tencent's "New Cornerstone Researcher Project" providing substantial financial support to scientists [10]. - The emphasis is on supporting scientists who are ambitious, innovative, and willing to explore uncharted territories in their research [11].

Group 1 - The rise of private scientific awards in China has created a social force to encourage scientific innovation, with the "Future Science Prize" being likened to the "Nobel Prize" in China [1] - The "Future Science Prize" has awarded 39 scientists over the past decade, with a single award reaching up to $1 million [1] - The integration of basic, applied, and clinical research in biomedicine is advancing, leading to potential groundbreaking therapies for diseases [1] Group 2 - Experts emphasize the need for more physician-scientists to bridge the gap between basic medical research and clinical application, as their numbers are currently very limited [2] - Research into aging and potential "anti-aging" drugs is progressing, with specific focus on compounds like mTORC1 that may enhance healthy lifespan [2] Group 3 - Controlled nuclear fusion is highlighted as a clean and safe solution to the current energy crisis, with various ignition schemes being explored [4] - The Double-cone ignition scheme (DCI) proposed by Chinese researchers aims to improve the efficiency of laser energy conversion to fusion energy [5] - Achieving room-temperature superconductivity could significantly support controlled nuclear fusion and has broad applications in various fields [5] Group 4 - The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and mathematics is being explored to address energy challenges, with AI's high operational costs being a major limitation [6] - AI is expected to have a profound impact on scientific research, particularly in predicting aging mechanisms and enhancing quantum computing [8] Group 5 - Private funding initiatives, such as Tencent's "New Cornerstone Researcher Project," aim to support innovative scientists with substantial financial backing [9] - The focus of these funding projects is on the originality and future potential of scientific research rather than solely on past achievements [9] - There is a call for supporting scientists who are ambitious, young, and willing to explore uncharted territories in science [10]

Group 1 - The Future Science Prize 10th Anniversary Celebration highlighted discussions on disruptive scientific changes over the next 20 years and breakthrough potentials over the next 50 years [1] - Zhang Jie from Shanghai Jiao Tong University emphasized that the achievement of net energy gain from inertial confinement nuclear fusion in December 2022 marks a significant milestone for controllable nuclear fusion technology, which could transform society towards non-carbon-based energy [1] - Ding Hong, also from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, identified general quantum computing as the most disruptive technology in the next 20 years, while AI for Science will be a key focus in the next 50 years [1] Group 2 - Xue Qikun, President of Southern University of Science and Technology, stated that controlled nuclear fusion could permanently solve energy issues and support industrial revolutions in the next 20 years, while room-temperature superconductivity could lead to major scientific and technological changes in the next 50 years [2] - Chen Xianhui from the University of Science and Technology of China highlighted that core key materials could drive significant human transformations in the next 20 years, with room-temperature superconductivity breaking cost barriers in fields like medical MRI and quantum computing cooling in the next 50 years [2] - Shi Yigong from Westlake University discussed how AI technologies like AlphaFold have revolutionized traditional biological research, urging researchers to embrace AI to expand scientific boundaries while maintaining critical thinking and interdisciplinary collaboration [2] Group 3 - Shen Xiangyang, Chairman of the Board of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, described large models as encompassing technology, business, and governance, with multimodal development being a crucial milestone involving computation, algorithms, and data [3] - Yang Yaodong from Peking University emphasized the importance of alignment technology for large models to comply with human instructions, noting current weaknesses in reinforcement learning-based alignment and suggesting enhancements through computer science and cryptography [3]