Core Insights - The report provides a comprehensive snapshot of health service availability in the occupied Palestinian territories, specifically focusing on Gaza, including hospitals, field hospitals, and government primary healthcare centers [3][32]. - HeRAMS aims to monitor the availability of essential health services and resources, helping stakeholders identify gaps and prioritize interventions in a rapidly changing environment [6][7]. - The report categorizes health service availability into four levels: available, partially available, not available, and not expected to be provided, based on the capacity of health service delivery units (HSDUs) [7][10]. Summary by Sections Overview of Health Service Delivery Units (HSDUs) - The initial section outlines the overall status of HSDUs, including all reported units, with subsequent analyses focusing on those that are at least partially operational [15][20]. - The report highlights that HSDUs are assessed based on their ability to provide expected services, with those reported as destroyed or non-operational excluded from further analysis [17][34]. Barriers to Service Availability - Barriers to service availability are systematically categorized, including personnel shortages, lack of medical supplies, insufficient training, and financial resource constraints [13][19]. - The report collects information on barriers only when services are reported as partially or not available, with a maximum of three barriers reported per HSDU [16][28]. Functional Status of HSDUs - The functional status of HSDUs is evaluated based on their ability to provide expected services without significant issues, with those facing severe impacts classified as partially functional [19][20]. - The report indicates that HSDUs reported as destroyed or non-operational are excluded from the functional assessment [34]. Partner Support - Partner support is categorized into three levels: major support, partial support, and no support, with major support indicating that HSDUs would not operate without it [21]. - The report notes that while individual partner support information is available in HeRAMS, it is not included in the summary charts [21]. Basic Facilities and Health Services - The report provides insights into the availability of basic facilities essential for HSDU operations, including water, sanitation, waste management, and electricity [23][30]. - Health services are categorized into five domains, with availability summarized in circular charts, and detailed analysis provided for individual services [29][36]. Data and Reporting Methodology - HeRAMS employs a standardized data model to assess service availability, with a focus on the completeness, timeliness, and accuracy of reported health information [24][30]. - The report emphasizes that the data presented is preliminary and subject to ongoing updates and verification [14].

关于健康账户的课 程 模块 5: 健康账户生产工具 数据验证：HAPT 结果 子模块 5.8: 指数 额外内容： • 推荐参考文献 • 问题与回答 • 检查数据收集和映射的完整性 • 检查警报、警告和错误标记 • 验证图 • 健康账户表 • 输出结果 • 健康账户共同问卷（JHAQ） 检查数据收集和映射的完整性 • 数据收集：是否考虑了所有 数据来源 请检查并比较它与准备模块的财务流程图。 (见： 验证 >> 报告 >> 数据收集总结 (验 证 >> 报告 >> 数据收集摘要)。 数据整理：¿Se han • 已完成 已对所有进行映射 调查 应该在下方出现一条信息，内容为："100%可用于研究的数据"（100% da tos disponibles para el estudio）。 验证 >> 报告 >> 数据收集总结 (验证 >> 报告 >> 数据收集摘要)。 双重记账 请检查是否有任何数据重复（参见： 验证 >> 报告 >> 重复计数 (Validación >> Informes >> 双重记账)). • 数据映射 所有数据来源均已映射至100%。 Excluya 那些不想包括在健康支出计算中的行（见 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Encephalitis is a severe, life-threatening neurological disease affecting all age groups, with high mortality rates and significant long-term sequelae. In 2021, encephalitis was the fourth leading cause of neurological health loss in children under five, and the thirteenth overall across all age groups, resulting in over 80,000 deaths globally [23][24] - The burden of encephalitis is estimated at 5 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) annually, with 50% of those affected suffering from long-term sequelae, impacting autonomy, income, and quality of life [23][24] - The report emphasizes the urgent need for effective monitoring, prevention, and management strategies for infectious encephalitis, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where healthcare resources are limited [31][32] Summary by Sections Introduction - Encephalitis is a significant public health concern, with various causes including infections and autoimmune processes. The report highlights the increasing focus on infectious encephalitis and the need for rapid assessment, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent mortality and morbidity [25][30] Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care - Effective diagnosis of encephalitis requires early clinical recognition, lumbar puncture, and additional tests such as brain imaging and EEG. However, many populations lack access to timely and comprehensive diagnostic services [55][56] - Treatment often necessitates specialized care in intensive or monitored settings, yet many countries report a lack of dedicated neurological units. The availability of essential medications, including antivirals and immunosuppressants, is often limited, particularly in LMICs [66][70] Monitoring and Prevention - The report discusses the importance of vaccination and vector control in preventing encephalitis caused by vector-borne viruses. It also emphasizes the need for improved diagnostic capabilities and public health measures to address emerging infectious threats [39][60] Research and Innovation - The report calls for increased investment in research and innovation to develop new diagnostic tools and treatment options for encephalitis, particularly in regions most affected by the disease [39][60] Policy Priorities and Governance - Strengthening health systems and ensuring political and financial commitment to enhance healthcare delivery for encephalitis patients is crucial. The report advocates for integrated care pathways that encompass both health and social services [30][84] Public Awareness and Education - Raising awareness among the public and healthcare professionals about the signs and symptoms of encephalitis is essential for early detection and treatment. The report highlights the need for educational initiatives to improve clinical recognition of the disease [64][61]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The World Health Organization (WHO) is actively promoting hand hygiene as part of the World Hand Hygiene Day (WHHD) 2025 campaign, emphasizing its importance in infection prevention and control (IPC) [2][4]. - WHO is organizing global webinars to raise awareness about IPC and encourage stakeholders to invest in improving IPC measures [7][8]. - The economic impact of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is significant, with arguments presented for increased investment in IPC to achieve cost savings [9]. Summary by Sections WHHD 2025 Activities - The WHHD 2025 campaign is progressing well, with promotional materials available in multiple languages [2]. - Specific action calls have been made for different target audiences, including healthcare workers and managers [2]. Webinars and Educational Initiatives - WHO is hosting webinars to discuss the WHHD 2025 activities and IPC education [4][5]. - A teleclass is scheduled to enhance understanding of IPC's global status and its health impacts [7]. IPC Global Status and Economic Justification - The current global status of IPC and its impact on health will be presented, highlighting the importance of IPC projects in preventing HAIs and combating AMR [8]. - The economic burden of HAIs on healthcare systems will be discussed, providing a strong case for increased IPC investment [9]. Implementation of WASH FIT - The WASH FIT tool has been adopted in over 70 countries since its launch in 2015, improving water, sanitation, and waste management in healthcare facilities [13]. - Challenges remain in integrating WASH FIT into national systems and ensuring sustainable financing [13]. Regional Updates - Indonesia is enhancing its IPC practices through training programs and the development of national guidelines for healthcare facilities [14][15][16]. - The aim is to create a safer and more resilient healthcare system by improving IPC standards across various healthcare settings [17].

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of infection control measures in healthcare settings, particularly focusing on water supply, sanitation facilities, and preventive measures against infectious diseases [1] - It highlights the necessity for dedicated toilet facilities for suspected or confirmed infection patients to minimize cross-contamination risks [1] - The report outlines the critical need for hand hygiene practices based on WHO guidelines, especially before and after patient interactions [1] - Waste management protocols are crucial, treating waste from infected patients as hazardous and ensuring proper disposal methods are in place [1] - Regular cleaning and disinfection of patient environments are mandated, particularly for areas associated with infectious diarrhea patients [1] Summary by Sections Water Supply and Sanitation - Safe drinking water must be provided on-site, with a recommended daily supply of 40-60 liters per person [2] - Wastewater from sinks, showers, and toilets should be connected to a sewage treatment system or an acceptable alternative [2] - Water quality monitoring is essential in medical facilities to ensure safety [2] - If water treatment occurs on-site, free chlorine levels should be tested to remain between 0.2–0.5 mg/L at the point of use [2]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The WHO Global Action Plan aims to promote the health of refugees and migrants from 2019 to 2030, addressing the increasing number of international migrants and the health challenges they face [9][18][20]. Summary by Sections Global Overview - The percentage of international migrants in the global population has increased from 2.8% in 2000 to 3.6% in 2020, with the total number of international migrants rising from 173 million in 2000 to 281 million in 2020, a growth of 49% [18][19]. - As of 2020, there are 68.5 million forcibly displaced individuals globally, including 25.4 million refugees and 10 million stateless persons [20][21]. Health Consequences and Challenges - Many refugees and migrants face barriers to accessing healthcare services, including language and cultural differences, high costs, discrimination, and administrative obstacles [22][24]. - Refugees and migrants are particularly vulnerable to communicable diseases and mental health issues due to their living conditions and lack of access to healthcare [25][26]. Role and Responsibilities of International Organizations - The WHO plays a crucial role in promoting health coverage for refugees and migrants, coordinating with various international organizations to address health issues [29][30]. - The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) also have significant responsibilities in providing health services and protection for refugees [31][32]. Priorities of the Global Action Plan - Priority 1: Promote the health of refugees and migrants through public health interventions [39]. - Priority 2: Improve the continuity and quality of primary healthcare services for refugees and migrants [43]. - Priority 3: Advocate for the inclusion of refugee and migrant health in global and national agendas [46]. - Priority 4: Enhance capacity to address social determinants of health affecting refugees and migrants [51]. - Priority 5: Strengthen health monitoring and information systems related to refugee and migrant health [55]. - Priority 6: Support evidence-based communication to dispel myths about refugees and migrants [60].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the infection prevention and control industry Core Insights - The report highlights the significant burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on patients and healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for robust infection prevention and control (IPC) measures [10][12][41] - It indicates that HAIs are among the most common adverse events in healthcare delivery, with a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs) [45][46] - The report underscores the importance of IPC in ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers, particularly in the context of recent pandemics and outbreaks [40][42] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report provides a comprehensive overview of the global situation regarding IPC, focusing on the impact of HAIs and AMR on healthcare delivery [40][42] - It identifies gaps in IPC programs across various resource levels and income classifications, highlighting the need for improved strategies [41][43] Section 2: Unsafe Care Issues Due to HAIs and AMR - HAIs are prevalent in healthcare settings, with an average of 7 out of 100 patients in HICs and 15 out of 100 patients in LMICs experiencing at least one HAI during hospitalization [45] - The report notes that the burden of HAIs is particularly severe in LMICs, where the incidence rates are significantly higher than in HICs [45][46] Section 3: Implementation of IPC at National Level - The report analyzes the implementation of IPC measures at the national level, emphasizing the need for dedicated budgets and action plans to address HAIs and AMR [7][8] - It discusses the importance of training and education in IPC practices to enhance compliance and effectiveness [8][9] Section 4: Implementation of IPC in Healthcare Institutions - The report outlines the core components necessary for effective IPC implementation in healthcare facilities, including monitoring, auditing, and feedback mechanisms [8][9] - It highlights the role of hand hygiene and other preventive measures in reducing the incidence of HAIs [8][9] Section 5: Regional Focus - The report provides a regional analysis of IPC implementation, identifying specific challenges and actions taken in various regions, including Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and Europe [8][9] - It emphasizes the need for tailored strategies to address the unique challenges faced by different regions in implementing IPC measures [8][9] Section 6: Path Forward - The report concludes with recommendations for strengthening IPC frameworks globally, including the establishment of accountability mechanisms and the integration of IPC into broader health system strengthening efforts [12][40]

Industry Overview - Lebanon's health sector is under immense strain due to socio-economic deterioration, regional instability, and recent escalations in violence, with over 1.3 million internally displaced people and 80% of Lebanese citizens and 90% of Syrian refugees affected by poverty [16] - The health system faces unprecedented challenges, including the closure of 130 primary health centers and 7 hospitals, nearly 4000 fatalities, and over 16,000 injuries due to military escalation [2] - The crisis is compounded by shortages of medical supplies, skilled health personnel, and essential medicines, leaving vulnerable populations without access to critical treatments [9] Humanitarian Needs and Funding - 3.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 2.2 million Lebanese, 1.3 million Syrian refugees, 119,000 Palestinian refugees, and 87,000 migrants [1] - The funding requirement for the 2025 humanitarian emergency is USD 48 million, with the largest allocation for safe and scalable care (USD 37,988,000) and essential health systems and services (USD 26,678,000) [26] WHO's Strategic Objectives and Activities - WHO's 2025 strategy focuses on strengthening disease surveillance, enhancing laboratory capacity, improving emergency response capabilities, expanding mental health support, and ensuring continuity of essential healthcare [15] - Key activities include training 500 healthcare workers in data collection, upgrading laboratories, distributing 100 trauma kits, and training 1000 health workers in trauma care and mass casualty management [15] - WHO aims to stabilize Lebanon's healthcare system, expand access to critical services, and foster collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) and partners [12] Achievements and Ongoing Efforts - In 2024, WHO delivered 225 metric tons of medical supplies, established mobile medical units, and strengthened disease surveillance, which helped detect and contain a cholera outbreak [18] - The Public Health Emergency Operation Centre (PHEOC) coordinated Lebanon's emergency health response during a Beirut explosion, directing 2800 victims to hospitals and managing logistics [8] - WHO has trained over 5600 healthcare workers in mass casualty management and supported the PHEOC with essential equipment and technical assistance [22] Partnerships and Coordination - WHO collaborates with MoPH, UNHCR, and 58 health partners under the health sector coordination mechanism, leveraging Lebanon's existing humanitarian and developmental architecture [20] - WHO's partnership with MoPH includes supporting Lebanon's transition to health resilience through early recovery efforts, such as restoring health infrastructure and addressing workforce shortages [19] Future Plans - WHO's 2025 strategy includes a dual approach to meet immediate health needs and early recovery goals, focusing on mass casualty management, trauma care, and sustaining essential healthcare services [28] - The strategy aligns with Lebanon's National Health Strategy Vision 2030, prioritizing strengthened health system governance, expanded primary healthcare, and greater self-sufficiency in essential medical supplies [3]

Humanitarian Crisis Overview - Somalia faces a severe humanitarian crisis with 6 million people in need and 4.6 million targeted for assistance, requiring $38 million in funding [2] - The crisis is driven by four principal shocks: conflict, drought, flooding, and disease outbreaks, leading to displacement and poor health outcomes [3] - Over three decades of armed conflict have weakened the health system, resulting in low immunization rates, a sparse health workforce, and high maternal and child mortality rates [4] - Climatic shocks in 2023 and 2024, including droughts and flooding, have disrupted food production, increased food insecurity, and led to widespread severe acute malnutrition [5] - The outlook for 2025 is concerning, with the La Niña weather pattern expected to induce drought, further displacement, and a rise in infectious diseases [6] WHO's Strategic Objectives and Response Strategy - WHO aims to strengthen inter-sectoral coordination, deliver life-saving health interventions, and enhance health system resilience to cope with future crises [11] - WHO will support Federal Member State Ministries of Health to improve coordination and response capacity for managing health emergencies [12] - WHO will sustain essential public health functions built during the COVID-19 pandemic, including collaborative surveillance, community protection, and access to medical countermeasures [13] - WHO will address gaps in essential health service delivery by training healthcare workers and procuring emergency health kits and medicines [14] Operational Presence and Partnerships - WHO Somalia operates with over 200 personnel across all Member States, with main offices in Mogadishu and sub-offices in Garowe, Hargeisa, and Baidoa [15] - WHO coordinates with around 50 active partners, including 18 international NGOs, 28 national NGOs, and 4 United Nations agencies, to address health needs and strengthen health systems [16] Key Activities for 2025 - WHO will coordinate with the Ministry of Health and cluster partners to conduct public health situation analyses, strengthen surveillance systems, and enhance laboratory capacity [20] - WHO will preposition critical medical supplies, provide case management training, and implement targeted interventions to prevent sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment [20] - WHO will support outbreak control, mass casualty response, and data collection to inform decision-making and optimize response strategies [20] Achievements in 2024 - WHO and Action Against Hunger provided life-saving health and nutrition services to drought-affected regions, reaching almost 15,000 people in Banadir, Bay, and Lower Shabelle regions [21][26] - The project improved access to health and nutrition services, supported disease surveillance teams, and enhanced the availability of services at health facilities [24][25] Funding Requirements for 2025 - The total funding requirement for Somalia's humanitarian emergency in 2025 is $38.07 million, covering areas such as collaborative surveillance, diagnostics, community protection, and essential health systems [29]

Industry Overview - The humanitarian crisis in Syria has escalated, with 16.7 million people in need and 10.8 million targeted for assistance [2] - The funding requirement for 2025 is US$ 141.5 million, including a US$ 56.4 million emergency flash appeal [2] - Syria has the second-highest number of internally displaced persons globally, with over half the population at risk of hunger [4] Health Sector Challenges - Health facilities face critical shortages of medical supplies, with 77 attacks on healthcare recorded in 2024 [5] - Essential health services are severely strained, with power and energy supplies insufficient in most areas [5] - Malnutrition rates have tripled in four years, and medical care has deteriorated due to lack of resources [4] WHO's Strategic Objectives - Sustain and enhance access to essential quality health services, including medicines, vaccines, and diagnostics [13] - Ensure emergency preparedness and response, focusing on trauma care and emergency referrals [13] - Strengthen health leadership and coordination to address urgent needs of affected populations [13] Operational Presence and Partnerships - WHO has an operational presence in Damascus, Gaziantep, and five field offices, with approximately 150 staff [18][19] - WHO collaborates with over 70 members in the health cluster, including national and international NGOs and UN agencies [21] - The organization works closely with the Ministry of Health and local partners to address health needs [20] Funding Requirements - The total estimated financial requirements for 2025 include US$ 56.4 million for the Flash Appeal [27] - Key funding areas include safe and scalable care (US$ 91.2 million) and case management and therapeutics (US$ 47.9 million) [26] - Operational support and logistics require US$ 22.9 million, while infection prevention and control in health facilities need US$ 1.1 million [26]