E-COMMODITIES(01733)
Search documents
易大宗(01733) - 董事会会议召开日期
2025-08-12 13:54
香港交易及結算所有限公司及香港聯合交易所有限公司對本公告的內容概不負責,對其 準確性或完整性亦不發表任何聲明,並明確表示概不就因本公告全部或任何部分內容而 產生或因倚賴該等內容而引致的任何損失承擔任何責任。 香港,二零二五年八月十二日 於本公告日期,執行董事為曹欣怡女士、王雅旭先生、趙偉先生及陳秀珠女士,非執行 董事為馮彤女士,及獨立非執行董事為吳育強先生、王文福先生及高志凱先生。 董事會會議召開日期 茲提述易大宗控股有限公司(「本公司」,連同其附屬公司統稱為「本集團」)董事會(「董事 會」)謹此宣佈將於二零二五年八月二十二日(星期五)召開本公司董事會會議,藉以考慮 及批准本集團截至二零二五年六月三十日止六個月之中期業績及其刊發與公佈,以及考 慮派付中期股息(如有)。 承董事會命 易大宗控股有限公司 主席 曹欣怡 E-COMMODITIES HOLDINGS LIMITED 1733 ...
易大宗(01733) - 盈利预警
2025-08-12 13:52
香港交易及結算所有限公司及香港聯合交易所有限公司對本公告的內容概不負責,對其 準確性或完整性亦不發表任何聲明,並明確表示概不就因本公告全部或任何部分內容而 產生或因倚賴該等內容而引致的任何損失承擔任何責任。 本公告乃由易大宗控股有限公司(「本公司」,連同其附屬公司統稱「本集團」)根據香港聯 合交易所有限公司證券上市規則(「上市規則」)第13.09條及香港法例第571章證券及期貨條 例第XIVA部的內幕消息條文(定義見上市規則)作出。 本公司董事會(「董事會」)謹此通知本公司股東(「股東」)及潛在投資者,經初步評估本集 團截至二零二五年六月三十日止財政年度之未經審核綜合管理賬目以及董事會目前可得 的最新資訊後,本集團預期截至二零二五年六月三十日止六個月的收入較二零二四年六 月三十日止六個月減少至約在11,000及13,000百萬港元之間;本集團預期截至二零二五年 六月三十日止六個月的歸屬權益股東溢利較二零二四年六月三十日止六個月減少至120至 140百萬港元之間,較二零二四年下半年基本持平。主要由於二零二五年上半年市場低迷 導致煉焦煤價格持續下跌,進而造成收入和毛利率均有所下滑。主要關鍵經營環境分析 如下: 二 ...
易大宗(01733) - 股份发行人的证券变动月报表易大宗控股有限公司2025年7月31日
2025-08-01 08:33
| 2025年7月31日 | | --- | | 截至月份: | | 狀態: 新提交 | 股份發行人及根據《上市規則》第十九B章上市的香港預託證券發行人的證券變動月報表 致:香港交易及結算所有限公司 公司名稱: 易大宗控股有限公司 呈交日期: 2025年8月1日 I. 法定/註冊股本變動 | 1. 股份分類 | 普通股 | 股份類別 | 不適用 | | 於香港聯交所上市 (註1) | | 是 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 證券代號 (如上市) | 01733 | 說明 | 普通股 | | | | | | | | | 法定/註冊股份數目 | | | 面值 | | 法定/註冊股本 | | | 上月底結存 | | | 6,000,000,000 | HKD | | 0 HKD | | 0 | | 增加 / 減少 (-) | | | 0 | | | HKD | | 0 | | 本月底結存 | | | 6,000,000,000 | HKD | | 0 HKD | | 0 | 本月底法定/註冊股本總額: HKD 0 FF301 ...
港股煤炭股集体下跌,中煤能源跌超4%
Ge Long Hui A P P· 2025-07-31 03:31
Group 1 - The coal stocks in Hong Kong experienced a collective decline, with notable drops in several companies [1] - Green Leader Holdings fell nearly 8%, while China Coal Energy dropped over 4% [1] - Other companies such as South Resources, Mongolian Coking Coal, and Yancoal Australia also saw declines exceeding 3% [1] Group 2 - Specific stock performance includes: - Green Leader Holdings: -7.84% at a price of 0.094 with a market cap of 49.4685 million [2] - China Coal Energy: -4.23% at a price of 9.730 with a market cap of 129.007 billion [2] - South Resources: -3.92% at a price of 0.245 with a market cap of 1.88 million [2] - Mongolian Coking Coal: -3.76% at a price of 7.930 with a market cap of 8.226 billion [2] - Yancoal Australia: -3.18% at a price of 31.950 with a market cap of 42.188 billion [2] - China Shenhua: -2.30% at a price of 33.950 with a market cap of 674.536 billion [2]
港股煤炭股延续弱势 蒙古能源跌近5%
news flash· 2025-07-29 01:49
Group 1 - The coal stocks in the Hong Kong market continue to show weakness, with significant declines observed in several companies [1] - Mongolian Energy (00276.HK) experienced a drop of 4.69%, while other companies like Feishang Non-Ferrous Coal (01738.HK) fell by 3.28%, Yida Zong (01733.HK) by 2.83%, and Yancoal Australia (03668.HK) by 1.83% [1]
格隆汇公告精选(港股)︱中国中铁近期中标912亿元重大工程;中国交通建设控股股东累计增持约2.64亿股H股股份





Ge Long Hui· 2025-06-09 01:47
Group 1: Major Contracts and Financial Performance - China Railway Group (00390.HK) recently won multiple major engineering contracts with a total bid amount of approximately RMB 91.2 billion, accounting for about 8.52% of the company's revenue under Chinese accounting standards for 2021 [1] - China People's Insurance Group (01339.HK) reported a total insurance premium income of RMB 452.46 billion from January to August 2022, representing a year-on-year growth of 9.89% [2] - China Coal Energy (01898.HK) announced that its coal sales volume in August reached 25.96 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.3%, while coal production was 10.92 million tons, up 22.3% year-on-year [3] Group 2: Share Buybacks and Stake Increases - Bohai Bank (09668.HK) announced that several employees plan to voluntarily purchase at least 25 million H-shares using their own funds, reflecting confidence in the bank's long-term business development [4] - China Communications Construction (01800.HK) disclosed that its controlling shareholder has cumulatively increased its stake by approximately 264.47 million H-shares, representing 1.64% of the company's total issued shares [5] - Shougang Holding (00697.HK) reported that its major shareholder has entered into an agreement to sell 728 million shares to Beijing Guoguan Investment Holdings, which will acquire about 10% of the company's total issued shares [6] Group 3: Market Activities and Corporate Actions - Jianye Real Estate (00832.HK) announced plans to repurchase shares in the open market based on market conditions [7] - China Pacific Insurance (02601.HK) reported cumulative original insurance business income of RMB 290.9 billion from January to August [8] - China Property & Casualty Insurance (02328.HK) reported a premium income of RMB 340.25 billion from January to August, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 9.8% [9]
易大宗(01733) - 2024 - 年度财报
2025-04-28 09:11
Financial Performance - The company achieved a total revenue of HKD 39,166 million and a net profit of HKD 984 million for the year 2024, despite a challenging market environment[6]. - The company reported a total revenue of HKD 39,166 million for 2024, a decrease of 3.50% compared to HKD 40,587 million in 2023[27]. - The company achieved a net profit of HKD 984 million in 2024, down from HKD 2,194 million in 2023[19]. - The gross profit for 2024 was HKD 1,518 million, a decrease of 58.16% from HKD 3,628 million in 2023, primarily due to a decline in market prices and increased competition in the coking coal sector[41][47]. - The company generated sales revenue of HKD 8,131 million from overseas markets, accounting for 20.76% of total revenue, reflecting significant efforts in global market expansion[30]. Coal Trading and Procurement - The company sold approximately 22.74 million tons of coal in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of about 20.01%[8]. - The import volume of coking coal reached a historical high of 122.25 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 19.26%[8]. - The company’s coal imports reached a historical high of 122.25 million tons in 2024, with Mongolian coal accounting for 46.46% of the total[33]. - The procurement of coal amounted to 20,565 thousand tons in 2024, with a procurement value of HKD 29,127 million, compared to 19,273 thousand tons and HKD 29,412 million in 2023[38]. - Total procurement amounted to HKD 30,467 million, with the top five suppliers representing 28.77% of total procurement, and the largest supplier accounting for 9.57%[177]. Dividends and Shareholder Returns - The total dividend for the year 2024 amounted to HKD 230 million, with a dividend yield of approximately 8.69%[6]. - The company declared a final cash dividend of HKD 0.013 per share for the year ended December 31, 2024, totaling approximately HKD 35 million, subject to shareholder approval[172]. - The company has no reserves available for distribution to shareholders as of December 31, 2024, consistent with the previous year[169]. - The company’s ability to declare dividends is contingent upon the distributable profits of its subsidiaries, which are determined according to Chinese accounting standards[169]. Market Strategy and Operations - The company implemented a "volume compensates for price" strategy in the second half of 2024 to maintain market share amid declining prices[8]. - The company plans to expand its market presence and enhance its supply chain services, focusing on integrated commodity supply chain coverage[34][36]. - The company is committed to providing clean and green service solutions in response to national strategies for carbon neutrality[10]. - The company aims to respond to national strategies for carbon neutrality by providing clean and green service solutions, including smart port displays and new energy models[36]. - The company is expanding its market presence in Southeast Asia, targeting a 30% market share by the end of 2025[102]. Financial Position and Assets - Total assets increased to HKD 17,435 million in 2024, compared to HKD 17,814 million in 2023[24]. - Cash balance rose to HKD 2,955 million in 2024, up from HKD 2,271 million in 2023[25]. - The group’s debt-to-asset ratio at the end of 2024 was 47.80%, a decrease from 50.51% at the end of 2023[51]. - As of the end of 2024, the total bank loans owed by the group amounted to HKD 2,292 million, with interest rates ranging from 0.72% to 6.56%[51]. Employee and Training Initiatives - As of December 31, 2024, the group employed 2,290 full-time employees, a 15% increase from 1,991 in 2023, with frontline production and support roles increasing from 55 to 921, representing 40% of total employees[72]. - The group conducted 998 hours of training in 2024, with over 12,790 participants, significantly up from 353 hours and 6,575 participants in 2023[75]. - The group has established a performance-based compensation system, balancing internal and external market competitiveness for various positions[72]. Corporate Governance - The board of directors includes experienced professionals with extensive backgrounds in finance and international business, enhancing corporate governance[102]. - The board consists of three female directors and five male directors, reflecting the company's commitment to maintaining a balanced and diverse board composition[162]. - The company has adopted corporate governance practices in line with the listing rules, with a commitment to high standards of corporate governance to enhance investor confidence[112]. - The company ensures compliance with corporate governance codes and maintains appropriate internal control systems[151]. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Initiatives - The group is actively involved in ESG initiatives, with third-party consultations planned for the 2024 ESG report[81]. - The company has implemented anti-fraud, anti-money laundering, and anti-bribery policies to comply with applicable laws and regulations[152]. - The company has adopted a diversity policy for board members, with 16.24% of employees being female and 52.94% of senior management positions held by women as of December 31, 2024[162]. Strategic Acquisitions and Agreements - The company completed the acquisition of TTJV Co. LLC in August 2024, enhancing its upstream mining services and supply chain capabilities[10]. - The company has entered into a share transfer agreement with Xiamen Xiangyu, involving a total cash consideration of RMB 460,791,100 for the transfer of equity interests in target subsidiaries[192]. - The company has signed a property purchase agreement for a target property located in Zhuhai, with a total consideration of RMB 141.58 million (approximately HKD 153.31 million)[197]. - A mutual supply framework agreement has been established with Xiamen Xiangyu, effective from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2027, for the supply of products and services between the two parties[199].
易大宗20250324
2025-04-15 14:30
Company and Industry Summary Company Overview - The company discussed is Yidazong Holdings Limited, which operates primarily in the coal trading sector and supply chain services. The management team includes Chairwoman and CEO Ms. Cao Xinyi and CFO Ms. Ren Haiyan. Key Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved a coal trading volume of 22.74 million tons, railway platform operation volume of 10.67 million tons, and processing volume of 8.48 million tons. The total revenue was 39.166 billion CNY, with a gross profit of 1.518 billion CNY and a net profit of 984 million CNY, resulting in an earnings per share of 0.346 HKD [1][2][16]. Market Conditions - The global economic growth is described as weak, with geopolitical conflicts and trade protectionism increasing. Domestic demand is insufficient, leading to operational difficulties for many companies. The Chinese economy faced significant downward pressure in the second and third quarters of 2024, prompting government intervention to stabilize the economy [3][4]. Industry Insights - The steel industry is experiencing a downturn, with a 10.6% year-over-year decline in construction area and a 12.7% drop in operational area. Real estate accounts for over 50% of national steel demand, leading to a significant decrease in demand for steel [4][6]. - The automotive sector, particularly the electric vehicle market, has seen historical breakthroughs, with production exceeding 12.8 million units, positively impacting steel demand [5]. - The shipbuilding industry also experienced a record steel consumption of 14.47 million tons in 2020, indicating a strong demand for steel in this sector [5]. Coal Market Dynamics - Despite a decline in domestic coal production and demand, coal imports reached a record high of 120 million tons, a 19.3% increase year-over-year. The primary sources of imported coal are Mongolia and Russia, which account for 71% of total imports [9][10]. - The company noted a significant price drop in coal, with prices falling by over 40% in some regions, leading to a challenging environment for coal producers [7][8]. Supply Chain Services - The company’s supply chain services revenue decreased by 37.6% due to the downturn in the coal market and the implementation of a bidding model for trade. However, the supply chain trade segment saw a 2.9% increase in revenue [12][25]. - The company has maintained a market share of 28.7% at the Ganqimodao port and 68.3% at the Erenhot port, indicating strong competitive positioning in coal imports [11]. Financial Health - The company reported a net profit of 984 million HKD in 2024, a 55% decrease year-over-year. The basic earnings per share were 0.346 HKD, with a proposed cash dividend of 0.086 HKD per share for the year [16][44]. - The company’s debt-to-asset ratio is reported at 40.2%, indicating a healthy level of debt [17]. Strategic Initiatives - The company is focusing on expanding its supply chain services and enhancing operational efficiency in response to market challenges. This includes investments in logistics and mining services [15][34]. - The company is also exploring partnerships with other mining companies in Mongolia to enhance its service offerings and maintain market share [31]. Future Outlook - The company plans to continue its investment strategy cautiously, focusing on essential projects that can generate economic returns. The projected capital expenditure for 2025 is around 6 billion HKD, significantly lower than previous years [37][38]. - The company is committed to maintaining a stable dividend policy, with a target payout ratio of 25% [44]. Environmental and Technological Initiatives - The company is actively pursuing green and intelligent transformation initiatives, including the adoption of electric and automated transportation solutions [42][43]. This summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call, highlighting the company's performance, market conditions, and strategic direction.
易大宗(01733) - 2024 - 年度业绩
2025-03-21 13:58
Financial Performance - For the year ended December 31, 2024, the revenue was HKD 39,166 million, a decrease of approximately 3.5% from HKD 40,587 million in 2023[5] - The gross profit for the year was HKD 1,518 million, down from HKD 3,628 million in the previous year, representing a decline of about 58%[5] - The net profit for the year was HKD 984 million, compared to HKD 2,194 million in 2023, indicating a decrease of approximately 55%[5] - The earnings per share (basic and diluted) for the year were HKD 0.346, down from HKD 0.793 in the previous year, reflecting a decline of about 56%[5] - The total revenue for 2024 was reported at 39,166 million HKD, showing a slight decrease from 40,587 million HKD in 2023[83] - The net profit for 2024 was reported at 1,705 million HKD, compared to 2,194 million HKD in 2023[86] - The company’s profit attributable to equity shareholders was HKD 922 million in 2024, a decrease of 56.57% from HKD 2,123 million in 2023, with basic and diluted earnings per share at HKD 0.346 compared to HKD 0.793 in 2023[112] Revenue Breakdown - Coal revenue increased to HKD 33,848,161,000 in 2024 from HKD 31,805,175,000 in 2023, marking an increase of about 6.4%[23] - Supply chain integrated services revenue decreased significantly to HKD 3,951,002,000 in 2024 from HKD 6,326,916,000 in 2023, a decline of approximately 37.5%[23] - The total revenue from the coal segment was HKD 33,848,161,000, while the supply chain services segment generated HKD 3,951,002,000 in 2024[23] - The company generated HKD 8,131 million in sales revenue from overseas markets, accounting for 20.76% of total revenue[96] - The company achieved a record coal import volume of 122.25 million tons in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 19.26%[98] - The procurement volume for 2024 was approximately 20.89 million tons, an increase of 5.08% from 19.88 million tons in 2023[102] Assets and Liabilities - The total equity attributable to shareholders was HKD 9,101 million, an increase from HKD 8,816 million in 2023[5] - The total non-current assets increased to HKD 7,038 million from HKD 5,669 million in the previous year, marking an increase of approximately 24%[10] - Current assets decreased to HKD 10,396 million from HKD 12,146 million, a decline of about 14%[10] - The total liabilities decreased to HKD 7,728 million from HKD 8,358 million, a reduction of approximately 7.5%[12] - Total assets for the reported segments decreased to HKD 18,630,407 in 2024 from HKD 19,179,968 in 2023, a decline of 2.9%[34] - Total liabilities for the reported segments decreased to HKD 9,443,354 in 2024 from HKD 10,027,753 in 2023, a decline of 5.8%[34] Cash Flow and Financing - The company reported a net financing cost of HKD 104,045 in 2024, an increase of 66.7% from HKD 62,398 in 2023[39] - The net cash inflow from operating activities was HKD 640 million, a decrease from HKD 2,025 million in 2023, primarily due to operating cash profits[122] - The net cash outflow from investment activities in 2024 was HKD 910 million, down from HKD 1,834 million in 2023, with major expenditures including HKD 948 million for logistics facilities and equipment, and HKD 788 million for company acquisitions[122] - The net cash inflow from financing activities in 2024 was HKD 652 million, compared to a cash outflow of HKD 533 million in 2023, mainly due to dividend payments of approximately HKD 525 million and lease repayments of about HKD 314 million[123] Dividend and Shareholder Information - The company declared a cash dividend of HKD 0.013 per share, totaling approximately HKD 35 million[5] - The company plans to distribute a final dividend of HKD 0.013 per share, totaling approximately HKD 35 million, contributing to an annual total dividend of HKD 230 million with a dividend yield of about 8.69%[73] - As of December 31, 2024, the company had 2,696,546,962 shares issued and repurchased a total of 4,936,000 shares during the year, with 1,630,000 shares canceled and 3,306,000 shares held as treasury stock[147] Operational Highlights - In 2024, the company's coal sales volume reached approximately 22.74 million tons, an increase of about 20.01% year-on-year[75] - The company completed the acquisition of TTJV Co. LLC in August 2024, marking a significant step in expanding its upstream mining services[77] - The company aims to provide comprehensive supply chain services, focusing on coal mining, washing, and logistics to enhance its core competitiveness[77] - The company emphasizes its commitment to carbon neutrality and green service solutions, aligning with national strategies[77] Taxation and Compliance - The actual tax expense for 2024 was HKD 97,239,000, significantly lower than HKD 468,157,000 in 2023, reflecting a decrease in pre-tax profit[47] - The nominal tax expense calculated based on applicable tax rates for 2024 was HKD 113,216,000, compared to HKD 501,758,000 in 2023[47] - The company has subsidiaries eligible for a preferential tax rate of 15% under various tax incentive policies, applicable until December 31, 2030, for certain operations in western regions of China[46] Employee and Training - As of December 31, 2024, the group employed 2,290 full-time employees, an increase from 1,991 in 2023, with frontline production and support staff rising to 921, accounting for 40% of total employees[135] - The group conducted a total of 998 hours of training in 2024, with over 12,790 participants, highlighting a commitment to employee development[138] Governance and ESG - The company has complied with the Corporate Governance Code, with the exception of a deviation regarding the separation of the roles of Chairman and CEO, which is deemed appropriate under current circumstances[145] - The company has engaged a third-party consultant for its 2024 ESG report, focusing on environmental, social, and governance matters, with detailed disclosures expected in the report[141] - The company has maintained a focus on employee health and safety, reporting no major incidents or accidents in 2024[141]
易大宗(01733) - 2024 - 中期财报
2024-09-17 08:31
Revenue and Profitability - In the first half of 2024, the company recorded a total revenue of approximately HKD 19,854 million, an increase of about 7.25% compared to HKD 18,512 million in the same period of 2023, primarily driven by a 26.73% increase in coal trading volume[11]. - Revenue from coal trading reached approximately HKD 16,858 million, up 19.89% from HKD 14,061 million in the first half of 2023[12]. - The company's supply chain trading segment generated revenue of approximately HKD 17,718 million, accounting for 89.24% of total revenue[14]. - The profit attributable to equity shareholders for the first half of 2024 was approximately HKD 783 million, a decrease of about 7.34% from HKD 845 million in the first half of 2023, with basic and diluted earnings per share both at HKD 0.294[24]. - The company's operating profit for the same period was HKD 900 million, down from HKD 1,060 million year-on-year, reflecting a decrease of 15.1%[71]. - The total comprehensive income for the period was HKD 776.6 million, compared to HKD 704.7 million in the previous year, indicating an increase of 10.2%[72]. Expenses and Costs - Administrative expenses increased by approximately 9.38% to about HKD 420 million in the first half of 2024, compared to HKD 384 million in the same period of 2023[19]. - Employee costs rose to approximately HKD 435.7 million in the first half of 2024, up from HKD 390.1 million in the same period of 2023[20]. - The total financing costs for the first half of 2024 were approximately HKD 84.6 million, compared to HKD 54.2 million in the same period of 2023[23]. - Interest expenses for the first half of 2024 totaled HKD 63.3 million, up from HKD 38.6 million in the first half of 2023[23]. Cash Flow and Investments - In the first half of 2024, the net cash inflow from operating activities was approximately HKD 379 million, a significant decrease from HKD 1,716 million in the same period of 2023[33]. - The net cash outflow from investment activities was approximately HKD 748 million, compared to HKD 586 million in the same period of 2023, primarily due to investments in logistics assets and coal washing plant construction[33]. - The net cash outflow from financing activities was approximately HKD 379 million, slightly up from HKD 353 million in the same period of 2023, mainly due to dividend distribution of HKD 210 million[33]. Assets and Liabilities - As of June 30, 2024, total inventory amounted to approximately HKD 2,650 million, a decrease of about 22.63% from HKD 3,425 million as of December 31, 2023, with an inventory impairment provision of approximately HKD 145 million[26]. - As of June 30, 2024, the total bank loans amounted to approximately HKD 1,995 million, with an asset-to-liability ratio of 48.16%, down from approximately 50.51% as of December 31, 2023[27]. - The total liabilities decreased from HKD 8,358,463 to HKD 8,260,473, a reduction of 1.17%[74]. - The net asset value increased to HKD 9,349,821 from HKD 8,815,958, marking a rise of 6.05%[74]. Shareholder Information - The total number of shares issued by the company as of June 30, 2024, is 2,698,176,962 shares[49]. - Major shareholder Wang Yihan controls 1,500,080,608 shares, representing approximately 55.60% of the company[54]. - The company repurchased a total of 1,630,000 shares in June 2024, which were subsequently canceled in July 2024[49]. Corporate Governance and Management - The company has complied with all corporate governance code provisions except for the separation of the roles of Chairman and CEO, which are held by the same individual[63]. - The Audit Committee held one meeting during the six months ending June 30, 2024, with all three members in attendance[61]. - The Remuneration Committee also held one meeting during the same period, reviewing the remuneration policies for directors and senior management[62]. Strategic Initiatives - The company plans to invest in "smart mining" and "smart transportation" to enhance its sustainable development strategy[14]. - The company aims to strengthen the energy corridor construction between China and Mongolia to support national strategic expansion[14]. - The company is committed to supporting the steel industry's transition to low-carbon operations, which may significantly impact its supply chain services[39]. Risk Management - Over 56.31% of the company's revenue was denominated in RMB, while over 81.70% of procurement costs were in USD, exposing the company to currency risk[41]. - The group is assessing risks related to the implementation of the OECD's Pillar Two rules, which may affect its tax obligations in various jurisdictions[7]. Employee Engagement and Training - The company employed 1,759 full-time employees, with 57% in freight driving roles in Mongolia[44]. - The company conducted a total of 519 hours of training, with 4,830 participants, emphasizing the importance of training for employee skill enhancement[46].