Group 1: aTyr Pharma - aTyr Pharma is innovating in immunology by discovering that transfer RNA synthetases act as immune system modulators [3] - The lead drug, efzofitimod, is in phase 3 trials for pulmonary sarcoidosis, with results expected in Q3 2025 [4] - The market for sarcoidosis treatment is significant, with over 200,000 Americans affected, and efzofitimod has shown a 58% reduction in steroid use in earlier trials [5] - aTyr's current share price of $5.25 presents a potential upside of 376% based on analyst price targets [6] Group 2: Zeta Global - Zeta Global is transforming digital marketing through its AI Marketing Cloud, processing over 1 trillion signals monthly [7] - In Q2 2025, Zeta reported a 35% year-over-year revenue increase to $308 million, with adjusted EBITDA rising 52% to $59 million [8] - The global digital marketing spend is projected to reach $1.3 trillion by 2027, positioning Zeta to capture a growing market share [9] - Zeta's Agentforce AI enhances marketing efficiency, significantly reducing campaign optimization time [10] Group 3: Vertical Aerospace - Vertical Aerospace is pioneering urban transportation with its VX4 eVTOL aircraft, capable of reducing travel time significantly [11] - The VX4 completed the first airport-to-airport eVTOL flight in July 2025 and promises lower operating costs and zero emissions [12] - Vertical has a $6 billion conditional preorder book from major partners, with profitability projected by 2030 [13] - The current share price of $5.45 suggests significant upside potential compared to analyst targets of $11 [14] Group 4: Innovation Premium - These companies are addressing large-scale problems with innovative solutions, potentially transforming their respective industries [15]

Core Viewpoint - Vertical Aerospace has announced a long-term strategic partnership with Aciturri Aerostructures, which is a significant step in its evolution and manufacturing strategy, as highlighted by its stable first-half 2025 financial report [1][10]. Manufacturing Strategy - The partnership with Aciturri is crucial for Vertical's manufacturing strategy, covering the production of the entire airframe structure, including the high-lift wing, fuselage, and pylons for electric propulsion units [4][5]. - By consolidating a large portion of the supply chain with an experienced partner, Vertical reduces execution risk and capital expenditure associated with building a manufacturing operation from scratch [5][8]. - Aciturri's extensive experience with major aviation companies ensures that the VX4's airframe will meet stringent aerospace standards [6][7]. Financial Position - Vertical Aerospace reported a strong cash position of approximately $137 million, supported by a $69 million capital raise in July, providing a financial runway extending into mid-2026 [11][12]. - The company maintains its full-year 2025 guidance for net operating cash outflow at approximately $110 million to $125 million, indicating effective budget control [12][13]. - The parallel progress in financial stability and flight testing demonstrates competent management capable of handling multiple complex workstreams [15]. Flight Testing and Development - Vertical has made significant advancements in its piloted wingborne flight test program, with multiple flights completed in open European airspace [13]. - The company is on track to complete the final and most challenging test phase in the second half of 2025, transitioning from vertical lift to efficient forward flight [14]. Strategic Growth and Leadership - The partnership with Aciturri complements Vertical's operational milestones and commercial plans, indicating a well-thought-out business strategy [16][17]. - The appointment of Lord Andrew Parker to the board enhances the company's credibility and access to high-value defense and government contracts, representing a potential revenue stream beyond urban air mobility [18]. - The investment narrative is shifting from "Can it fly?" to "How will it be built and sold?", reflecting a more mature business approach [19].

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company raised approximately $70 million in July, bringing the total raised in 2025 to nearly $160 million, enhancing operational agility and capital efficiency [30][31] - The guidance for net cash used in operating activities remains unchanged at $110 million to $125 million, with cash and cash equivalents approximately $139 million as of the call date [32] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is on track to complete the assembly of its third and final v x four prototype and fly it before the end of the year, doubling flight test capacity [5][6] - The battery technology is expected to generate over 50% of revenue within five to seven years after entering service, with a margin of around 40% [10][44] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The European defense tech market is projected to grow significantly, with NATO members increasing defense spending from approximately $300 billion to $1 trillion over the next seven to ten years [15][16] - The company is uniquely positioned as the only European eVTOL contender to capture this growing market opportunity [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to achieve certification for the v x four by 2028, with a focus on executing its strategic objectives and enhancing its operating model [7][29] - A partnership with Bristow has been established to accelerate global eVTOL adoption, providing a ready-to-fly model that reduces barriers to entry for customers [24][25] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in achieving full transition flight tests by the end of the year, with engineering progress going well [40][42] - The company is optimistic about the defense market opportunities, especially following successful demonstrations at military air shows [38][78] Other Important Information - The company has expanded its leadership team, appointing experienced individuals to key positions to drive engineering and operational excellence [27][28] - A capital markets event is scheduled for September 17, where the company will provide updates on financials, certification costs, and manufacturing plans [34][101] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you provide insights on defense missions or use cases? - Management highlighted the military's excitement about the aircraft's capabilities, including silent takeoff and landing, and the potential for logistics and troop transport [36][38] Question: How is the full transition pilot test progressing? - Management confirmed they are on track for full transition in Q4, with significant data being gathered to support regulatory approval [40][42] Question: Will there be updates on financials at the Investor Day? - Management indicated that updates on hybrid opportunities, battery revenue, and certification costs will be provided during the event [44][46] Question: What is the status of the aircraft build and supply chain? - Management confirmed that significant contracts have been secured, including a billion-dollar deal with Honeywell, and that the supply chain is being locked in for certification aircraft [55][56] Question: How does the hybrid powertrain fit into the market strategy? - Management explained that the hybrid variant complements the fully electric model, targeting both military and commercial markets, with a focus on logistics and medevac missions [84][90]

Operational Milestones - Vertical Aerospace is on track to meet every communicated target toward Flightpath 2030[16] - The company successfully completed a 15.2-meter battery pack drop test and full-scale thermal runaway propagation test in April 2025[21] - Vertical Aerospace is initiating production with long-range parts purchasing[18] Strategic Partnerships - Bristow upsizing pre-order option to purchase up to 50 more aircraft[41] - Vertical Aerospace announced a partnership with Bristow on June 12, 2025, to provide a "Ready-to-fly" model to Vertical's customers[45] Financial Status - As of June 30, 2025, Vertical Aerospace had £62 million / $85 million in cash and cash equivalents[54] - After a July 2025 fundraise of £52 million / $69 million (gross proceeds), the company's cash position was £104 million / $137 million as of August 5, 2025[54] - Post-July fundraise, Vertical is funded through to the middle of 2026[54] Order Book - Vertical Aerospace has pre-orders for up to 200 aircraft[40] - Avolon has placed orders for at least 100 aircraft and up to 250 aircraft[40] - Other partners have placed orders for up to 500 aircraft, up to 100 aircraft, up to 100 aircraft, up to 50 aircraft, and up to 50 aircraft[40]

[Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income](index=2&type=section&id=Unaudited%20Condensed%20Consolidated%20Interim%20Statements%20of%20Income%20and%20Comprehensive%20Income) [Income and Comprehensive Income Summary](index=2&type=section&id=Income%20and%20Comprehensive%20Income%20Summary) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Vertical Aerospace Ltd reported a significant net profit of £250,962 thousand, a substantial turnaround from a net loss of £17,121 thousand in the same period of 2024, primarily driven by a large net finance income despite an operating loss, with basic earnings per share improving significantly to £3.13 from a loss of £0.89 Net Profit/(Loss) and EPS (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Net (loss)/profit for the period | 250,962 | (17,121) | 268,083 | -1565.8% | | Basic (loss)/earnings per share | 3.13 | (0.89) | 4.02 | -451.7% | | Diluted (loss)/earnings per share | (0.02) | (0.89) | 0.87 | -97.8% | Operating (Loss)/Profit (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :----------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Operating (loss)/profit | (49,938) | (19,940) | (29,998) | 150.4% | Net Finance (Costs)/Income (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Net finance (costs)/income | 281,308 | (3,629) | 284,937 | -7852.8% | [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position](index=3&type=section&id=Unaudited%20Condensed%20Consolidated%20Interim%20Statements%20of%20Financial%20Position) [Financial Position Summary](index=3&type=section&id=Financial%20Position%20Summary) As of June 30, 2025, Vertical Aerospace Ltd's total assets increased significantly to £87,002 thousand from £47,732 thousand at December 31, 2024, primarily driven by a substantial increase in cash and cash equivalents, while total liabilities decreased, leading to a notable reduction in the total shareholders' deficit Key Financial Position Metrics | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | Total assets | 87,002 | 47,732 | 39,270 | 82.3% | | Cash and cash equivalents | 61,984 | 22,556 | 39,428 | 174.8% | | Total liabilities | 263,107 | 547,073 | (283,966) | -51.9% | | Total shareholders' deficit | (176,105) | (499,341) | 323,236 | -64.7% | - Current assets saw a significant increase from **£42,553 thousand** at December 31, 2024, to **£82,097 thousand** at June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher cash and cash equivalents[6](index=6&type=chunk) - Current liabilities decreased substantially from **£540,842 thousand** at December 31, 2024, to **£257,124 thousand** at June 30, 2025, mainly due to a reduction in financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss[6](index=6&type=chunk) [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows](index=4&type=section&id=Unaudited%20Condensed%20Consolidated%20Interim%20Statements%20of%20Cash%20Flows) [Cash Flows Summary](index=4&type=section&id=Cash%20Flows%20Summary) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Vertical Aerospace Ltd experienced a net increase in cash at bank of £41,510 thousand, a significant improvement from £18,266 thousand in the prior year, driven by substantial cash flows generated from financing activities, offsetting net cash used in operating activities Key Cash Flow Metrics (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :------------------------------------ | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Net cash flows used in operating activities | (26,304) | (1,651) | (24,653) | 1493.2% | | Net cash flows from investing activities | 1,038 | 777 | 261 | 33.6% | | Net cash flows generated from financing activities | 66,776 | 19,140 | 47,636 | 248.9% | | Net increase in cash at bank | 41,510 | 18,266 | 23,244 | 127.3% | | Cash at bank, end of the period | 61,984 | 66,786 | (4,802) | -7.2% | - Operating cash outflows increased significantly in 2025, primarily due to adjustments for non-cash items, including a large negative adjustment for related party finance income[8](index=8&type=chunk) - Financing activities provided substantial cash inflows in 2025, largely from proceeds from share issuance (**£34,235 thousand**) and warrant issues (**£18,032 thousand**), as well as issues to related parties[8](index=8&type=chunk) [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Equity](index=5&type=section&id=Unaudited%20Condensed%20Consolidated%20Interim%20Statements%20of%20Changes%20in%20Equity) [Changes in Equity Summary](index=5&type=section&id=Changes%20in%20Equity%20Summary) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Vertical Aerospace Ltd's total equity deficit significantly reduced from (£499,341) thousand at January 1, 2025, to (£176,105) thousand, primarily driven by a net profit for the period and substantial share and warrant issuances, partially offset by transaction costs Key Changes in Equity (6 months ended June 30, 2025) | Metric | January 1, 2025 (£'000) | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | | :-------------------------- | :---------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------- | | Total Equity | (499,341) | (176,105) | 323,236 | | Profit for the period | — | 250,962 | 250,962 | | Share issuance | — | 34,235 | 34,235 | | Issuance of warrants | — | 18,032 | 18,032 | | Share issuance to related party | — | 12,985 | 12,985 | | Issuance of warrants to related party | — | 6,840 | 6,840 | | Transaction costs on issuance of equity instruments | — | (4,796) | (4,796) | - The accumulated deficit decreased significantly from **(£1,152,283) thousand** at January 1, 2025, to **(£900,615) thousand** at June 30, 2025, largely due to the net profit for the period[10](index=10&type=chunk) - Other reserves increased from **£99,299 thousand** to **£126,778 thousand**, reflecting share-based payment transactions, warrant issuances, and foreign exchange translation differences[10](index=10&type=chunk) [Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Information](index=6&type=section&id=Notes%20to%20the%20Unaudited%20Condensed%20Consolidated%20Interim%20Financial%20Information) [1 General Information](index=6&type=section&id=1%20General%20information) Vertical Aerospace Ltd, incorporated in the Cayman Islands with principal operations in the UK, is focused on developing and commercializing eVTOL and hybrid-electric aircraft, with its financial statements presented in pounds sterling and authorized for issue on August 4, 2025 - Vertical Aerospace Ltd is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, with its principal executive office and main operations in the United Kingdom[12](index=12&type=chunk) - The Group's principal activity is the development and commercialization of vertical take-off and landing electrically powered (eVTOL) and hybrid-electrically powered aircraft[14](index=14&type=chunk) - The financial statements are presented in pounds sterling (**£'000**) and were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 4, 2025[12](index=12&type=chunk)[13](index=13&type=chunk)[18](index=18&type=chunk) [2 Material Accounting Policies](index=6&type=section&id=2%20Material%20accounting%20policies) The interim financial report is prepared in accordance with IAS 34 and IFRS Accounting Standards, using a historical cost basis modified by fair value revaluation for certain financial assets and liabilities, but the Group's ability to continue as a going concern is subject to material uncertainty due to its reliance on additional funding to meet projected cash outflows and avoid breaching debt covenants by mid-2026 - The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial report is prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting and IFRS Accounting Standards[15](index=15&type=chunk) - The Group is in the research and development phase, not currently generating revenue, and has incurred net losses and cash outflows from operating activities since inception[23](index=23&type=chunk) - As of June 30, 2025, the Group had **£62 million** of cash and cash equivalents and a net shareholders' deficit of **£176 million**. Post-issuance, cash and cash equivalents were approximately **£104 million**[24](index=24&type=chunk)[25](index=25&type=chunk) - Management projects net cash outflows of approximately **£106 million** over the next 12 months, primarily for prototype creation, testing, and certification aircraft design, indicating existing resources will only fund operations until mid-2026[26](index=26&type=chunk)[27](index=27&type=chunk) - The Group projects a breach of the **$10 million** minimum cash balance covenant in the second quarter of 2026 unless additional capital is raised, which could lead to an event of default and acceleration of Convertible Senior Secured Notes maturity[28](index=28&type=chunk) - A material uncertainty exists regarding the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, highly dependent on securing additional funding rounds on acceptable terms and timelines[29](index=29&type=chunk)[30](index=30&type=chunk) [3 Critical Accounting Judgements and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty](index=8&type=section&id=3%20Critical%20accounting%20judgements%20and%20key%20sources%20of%20estimation%20uncertainty) Critical accounting judgments include the eligibility for research and development tax relief under the Enhanced R&D Intensive Support (ERIS) scheme, where the Company determined it does not meet the definition of a large company, while key estimation uncertainties relate to the January 2025 Offering, specifically the fair value allocation of proceeds to ordinary shares and warrants using a Black-Scholes-Merton model - The Company's most significant estimates relate to the January 2025 Offering and the valuations of financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss, including Convertible Senior Secured Notes[32](index=32&type=chunk) - Management concluded the Company qualifies for the Enhanced R&D Intensive Support (ERIS) scheme, not being defined as a large company, and recognized relief under this scheme[36](index=36&type=chunk) - For the January 2025 Offering, proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares and warrants were allocated based on their proportionate fair value, determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton model for warrants[39](index=39&type=chunk)[42](index=42&type=chunk) Black-Scholes-Merton Model Inputs for Warrants (January 2025 Offering) | Metric | Tranche A warrants | Tranche B warrants | | :------------------ | :----------------- | :----------------- | | Share price ($) | 5.60 | 5.60 | | Strike price ($) | 6.00 | 7.50 | | Risk free rate (%) | 4.40 | 4.40 | | Time to maturity (years) | 1.6 | 5.0 | | Dividend yield (%) | — | — | | Volatility (%) | 85.00 | 85.00 | - The Tranche A warrants' time to maturity was determined using a probability-weighted approach, considering conditions for early expiry, but as of May 27, 2025, the conditions for early expiry were not met, so they will expire on the five-year anniversary[43](index=43&type=chunk)[44](index=44&type=chunk) [4 Expenses by Nature](index=12&type=section&id=4%20Expenses%20by%20nature) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, total administrative and research and development expenses decreased to £45,043 thousand from £52,703 thousand in the prior year, primarily due to lower research and development consultancy and components costs, despite an increase in administrative expenses Total Administrative and R&D Expenses (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :------------------------------------ | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Total research and development expenses | 22,791 | 31,951 | (9,160) | -28.7% | | Total administrative costs | 22,101 | 20,710 | 1,391 | 6.7% | | Related party administrative expenses | 151 | 42 | 109 | 259.5% | | Total administrative and research and development expenses | 45,043 | 52,703 | (7,660) | -14.5% | - Research and development consultancy costs decreased significantly from **£7,395 thousand** in 2024 to **£3,134 thousand** in 2025 (6 months ended June 30)[49](index=49&type=chunk) - Research and development components, parts and tooling costs also saw a substantial reduction from **£11,876 thousand** in 2024 to **£4,333 thousand** in 2025 (6 months ended June 30)[49](index=49&type=chunk) [5 Share-based Payments](index=12&type=section&id=5%20Share-based%20payments) Total share-based payment expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025, decreased to £3,207 thousand from £4,785 thousand in the prior year, with the 2021 Incentive Plan remaining the primary source of options granted, showing a significant increase in outstanding options at period end, while EMI Scheme options decreased Total Share-based Payment Expenses (6 months ended June 30) | Plan | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | 2021 Incentive plan | 1,548 | 4,351 | (2,803) | -64.4% | | Enterprise Management Initiative | 65 | 260 | (195) | -75.0% | | Non-Executive Director awards | 1,594 | 174 | 1,420 | 816.1% | | Total | 3,207 | 4,785 | (1,578) | -33.0% | 2021 Incentive Plan Options Outstanding | Metric | June 30, 2025 (Number) | December 31, 2024 (Number) | Change (Number) | Change (%) | | :---------------------- | :--------------------- | :------------------------- | :-------------- | :--------- | | Outstanding, start of period | 1,171,210 | 998,598 | 172,612 | 17.3% | | Granted during the period | 2,252,530 | 397,803 | 1,854,727 | 466.3% | | Outstanding, end of period | 3,282,400 | 1,171,210 | 2,111,190 | 180.3% | - The number of exercisable options under the 2021 Incentive Plan increased significantly from **380,763** at December 31, 2024, to **1,023,239** at June 30, 2025[52](index=52&type=chunk) [6 Other Operating (Expense)/Income](index=13&type=section&id=6%20Other%20operating%20(expense)%2Fincome) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Group reported an 'Other operating expense' of (£4,895) thousand, a significant decrease from an income of £32,763 thousand in the prior year, primarily due to the absence of the Rolls-Royce settlement income recognized in 2024 and a negative adjustment for R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) in 2025 Other Operating (Expense)/Income (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :---------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Government grants | 2,652 | 4,113 | (1,461) | -35.5% | | R&D Expenditure Credit ("RDEC") | (7,553) | 740 | (8,293) | -1120.7% | | Rolls-Royce settlement | — | 27,910 | (27,910) | -100.0% | | Total | (4,895) | 32,763 | (37,658) | -114.9% | - The significant decrease in other operating income is largely attributable to the Rolls-Royce settlement of **£27,910 thousand** recognized in 2024, which did not recur in 2025[54](index=54&type=chunk) - The R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) showed a negative amount of **(£7,553) thousand** in 2025, compared to an income of **£740 thousand** in 2024, reflecting a reversal of previously recognized tax relief[54](index=54&type=chunk)[58](index=58&type=chunk) [7 Income Tax Credit](index=14&type=section&id=7%20Income%20tax%20credit) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the income tax credit significantly increased to £19,592 thousand from £6,448 thousand in the prior year, primarily due to the recognition of Enhanced R&D Intensive Support (ERIS) and adjustments for prior period R&D tax relief, following a re-evaluation of the Company's eligibility for SME relief Income Tax Credit (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :------------------------------------ | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Enhanced R&D intensive support | 5,892 | — | 5,892 | N/A | | Small and medium-sized Enterprise scheme | — | 6,448 | (6,448) | -100.0% | | Adjustments for R&D tax relief of prior periods | 13,700 | — | 13,700 | N/A | | Total | 19,592 | 6,448 | 13,144 | 203.9% | - The Company recognized **£5,892 thousand** under the new Enhanced R&D Intensive Support (ERIS) scheme in 2025, replacing the SME scheme for accounting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2024[55](index=55&type=chunk)[56](index=56&type=chunk) - A significant adjustment of **£13,700 thousand** for R&D tax relief of prior periods was recognized in 2025, resulting from the reversal of RDEC scheme relief and subsequent claim under the SME scheme after determining the Company was not a large company[55](index=55&type=chunk)[58](index=58&type=chunk) [8 Finance Income/(Costs)](index=15&type=section&id=8%20Finance%20income%2F(costs)) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Group reported a net finance income of £281,308 thousand, a substantial increase from a net finance cost of (£3,629) thousand in the prior year, primarily driven by significant related party finance income from fair value movements on financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss, and foreign exchange gains Total Finance Income and Costs (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :---------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Total finance income | 28,773 | 7,397 | 21,376 | 289.0% | | Total finance costs | (402) | (11,026) | 10,624 | -96.4% | | Net related party finance income | 252,937 | — | 252,937 | N/A | | Net finance income/(costs) | 281,308 | (3,629) | 284,937 | -7852.8% | - Finance income in 2025 included a significant foreign exchange gain of **£27,530 thousand**, which was not present in 2024[60](index=60&type=chunk) - The substantial net finance income in 2025 was largely due to **£258,719 thousand** in fair value movements on financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss from related parties, which was not present in 2024[60](index=60&type=chunk) [9 Earnings/(Loss) Per Share](index=15&type=section&id=9%20Earnings%2F(loss)%20per%20share) For the six months ended June 30, 2025, basic earnings per share significantly improved to £3.13 from a loss of (£0.89) in 2024, driven by a net profit for the period, while diluted earnings per share, however, was (£0.02) in 2025, reflecting the dilutive impact of potential ordinary shares from Convertible Senior Secured Notes Earnings/(Loss) Per Share (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£) | 2024 (£) | Change (£) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :------- | :------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Basic earnings/(loss) per share | 3.13 | (0.89) | 4.02 | -451.7% | | Diluted earnings/(loss) per share | (0.02) | (0.89) | 0.87 | -97.8% | Net Profit/(Loss) for EPS Calculation (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :------------------------------------ | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Net profit/(loss) for the period for basic earnings per share | 250,962 | (17,121) | 268,083 | -1565.8% | | Net loss for the period for diluted earnings per share | (1,975) | (17,121) | 15,146 | -88.4% | - The calculation of diluted EPS for 2025 includes an adjustment for fair value movements on financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss and in-kind interest, leading to a significantly lower net profit for diluted EPS compared to basic EPS[64](index=64&type=chunk) - The weighted average issued shares for diluted EPS in 2025 increased to **117,467,211** from **80,090,993** for basic EPS, due to the assumed conversion of Convertible Senior Secured Notes[64](index=64&type=chunk) [10 Share Capital and Reserves](index=16&type=section&id=10%20Share%20capital%20and%20reserves) As of June 30, 2025, the Company's allotted, called up, and fully paid ordinary shares increased to 84,677,721 from 69,542,515 at December 31, 2024, primarily due to the January 2025 Offering and share issuances under incentive plans, with other reserves also seeing a significant increase driven by warrant reserves and share-based payment reserves Ordinary Shares Allotted and Paid | Metric | June 30, 2025 (No.) | December 31, 2024 (No.) | Change (No.) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :------------------ | :---------------------- | :----------- | :--------- | | Ordinary shares of $0.001 each | 84,677,721 | 69,542,515 | 15,135,206 | 21.8% | Share Issuances During the Period | Source | Shares issued (No.) | Share capital issued (£) | Proceeds received (£'000) | Premium arising (£'000) | | :---------------- | :------------------ | :----------------------- | :------------------------ | :---------------------- | | January 2025 Offering | 15,000,000 | 11,972 | 44,203 | 44,066 | | 2021 Incentive Plan | 129,022 | 89 | — | — | | EMI Scheme | 6,184 | 5 | 11 | 11 | | Total | 15,135,206 | 12,066 | 44,214 | 44,077 | Other Reserves | Reserve | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | Share based payment reserve | 29,183 | 27,073 | 2,110 | 7.8% | | Warrant reserve | 36,693 | 13,475 | 23,218 | 172.3% | | Foreign currency translation reserve | 6,061 | 3,910 | 2,151 | 55.0% | | Total | 126,778 | 99,299 | 27,479 | 27.7% | - The warrant reserve increased significantly by **£23,218 thousand**, primarily due to the issuance of **7.5 million** Tranche A warrants and **7.5 million** Tranche B warrants as part of the January 2025 Offering[68](index=68&type=chunk) [11 Trade and Other Receivables](index=17&type=section&id=11%20Trade%20and%20other%20receivables) As of June 30, 2025, total trade and other receivables remained relatively stable at £18,413 thousand compared to £18,297 thousand at December 31, 2024, with a shift in R&D tax relief receivable from the RDEC scheme to the ERIS scheme, and a notable increase in prepayments Trade and Other Receivables | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | R&D tax relief receivable | 5,896 | 8,686 | (2,790) | -32.1% | | Government grants and VAT receivable | 4,005 | 4,349 | (344) | -7.9% | | Prepayments | 8,013 | 4,576 | 3,437 | 75.1% | | Other receivables | 499 | 634 | (135) | -21.3% | | Amounts due from related party | — | 52 | (52) | -100.0% | | Total | 18,413 | 18,297 | 116 | 0.6% | - R&D tax relief receivable shifted from **£8,686 thousand** under the RDEC scheme at December 31, 2024, to **£5,896 thousand** under the ERIS scheme at June 30, 2025, reflecting changes in tax relief eligibility[70](index=70&type=chunk) - Prepayments increased significantly by **75.1%** from **£4,576 thousand** to **£8,013 thousand**[70](index=70&type=chunk) [12 Trade and Other Payables](index=18&type=section&id=12%20Trade%20and%20other%20payables) As of June 30, 2025, trade and other payables falling due within one year remained stable at £15,945 thousand compared to £15,585 thousand at December 31, 2024, with trade payables increasing while accrued expenses and amounts due to related parties decreased Trade and Other Payables (Within One Year) | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | Trade payables | 7,750 | 5,444 | 2,306 | 42.4% | | Accrued expenses | 6,708 | 7,354 | (646) | -8.8% | | Amounts due to related parties | — | 1,900 | (1,900) | -100.0% | | Social security and other taxes | 1,112 | 879 | 233 | 26.5% | | Outstanding defined contribution pension costs | 375 | 8 | 367 | 4587.5% | | Total | 15,945 | 15,585 | 360 | 2.3% | Trade and Other Payables (After More Than One Year) | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | Deferred fees and charges | 3,649 | 3,991 | (342) | -8.6% | - Amounts due to related parties decreased to **zero** at June 30, 2025, from **£1,900 thousand** at December 31, 2024[73](index=73&type=chunk) [13 Warrants](index=18&type=section&id=13%20Warrants) The Company has both warrant liabilities at fair value through profit and loss and warrants recognized within equity, with warrant liabilities, including Public Warrants and Convertible Notes Warrants, increasing in fair value to £704 thousand at June 30, 2025, while warrants recognized within equity, such as Tranche A, Tranche B, SF, and Virgin Atlantic Warrants, significantly increased the warrant reserve due to new issuances Warrant Liability at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | Warrant liability | 704 | 434 | 270 | 62.2% | - The fair value of warrant liabilities increased by **£324 thousand** during the period, partially offset by exchange differences[74](index=74&type=chunk) Warrants Recognized Within Equity | Warrant Type | June 30, 2025 (No.) | December 31, 2024 (No.) | Warrant reserve June 30, 2025 (£'000) | Warrant reserve December 31, 2024 (£'000) | | :-------------------- | :------------------ | :---------------------- | :------------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------- | | Tranche A Warrants | 7,500,000 | — | 9,006 | — | | Tranche B Warrants | 7,500,000 | — | 14,212 | — | | SF Warrants | 50,000,000 | 50,000,000 | 3,907 | 3,907 | | Virgin Atlantic Warrants | 2,625,000 | 2,625,000 | 8,558 | 8,558 | | MWC Option | 2,000,000 | 2,000,000 | 1,010 | 1,010 | | Outstanding, end of period | 69,625,000 | 54,625,000 | 36,693 | 13,475 | - The issuance of **7.5 million** Tranche A warrants and **7.5 million** Tranche B warrants on January 24, 2025, in connection with the January 2025 Offering, significantly contributed to the increase in the warrant reserve[76](index=76&type=chunk) [14 Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss](index=20&type=section&id=14%20Financial%20liabilities%20at%20fair%20value%20through%20profit%20and%20loss) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss, primarily consisting of Convertible Senior Secured Notes, decreased significantly to £239,776 thousand at June 30, 2025, from £524,242 thousand at December 31, 2024, mainly due to fair value movements and exchange differences, following a substantial modification and partial conversion of the notes in December 2024 Convertible Senior Secured Notes (Mudrick) | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :------------- | :--------- | | As at period end | 239,776 | 524,242 | (284,466) | -54.3% | - The decrease in the liability was driven by fair value movements of **(£258,719) thousand** and exchange differences on translation of **(£31,529) thousand**[80](index=80&type=chunk) - In December 2024, the Convertible Senior Secured Notes underwent a substantial modification, increasing the interest rate, extending the maturity date, and providing for fixed conversion prices, which was accounted for as an extinguishment and recognition of a new liability[82](index=82&type=chunk)[83](index=83&type=chunk) - Following the modification, approximately **$130 million** in principal amount of the notes was converted into **47,343,585** ordinary shares[84](index=84&type=chunk) - As of June 30, 2025, **£7,298 thousand** in cash at bank is restricted to comply with a covenant requiring a minimum cash balance of at least **$10 million**[86](index=86&type=chunk) [15 Financial Instruments](index=21&type=section&id=15%20Financial%20instruments) The Company classifies its financial instruments into fair value hierarchy levels, with financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss (Convertible Senior Secured Notes) categorized in Level 3, and warrant liabilities in Level 2, while the fair value of the Convertible Senior Secured Notes decreased to £239,776 thousand at June 30, 2025, estimated using an option pricing model with updated inputs Carrying and Fair Value of Financial Liabilities | Metric | June 30, 2025 (£'000) | December 31, 2024 (£'000) | | :------------------------------------ | :-------------------- | :------------------------ | | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss | 239,776 | 524,242 | | Warrant liabilities | 704 | 434 | | Total | 240,480 | 524,676 | - Warrants are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, while financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss (Convertible Senior Secured Notes) are categorized in Level 3[88](index=88&type=chunk) - The fair value of the Convertible Senior Secured Notes is estimated using an option pricing model, considering inputs such as share price, conversion price, interest rate, credit spread, risk-free rate, expected life, and volatility[89](index=89&type=chunk)[92](index=92&type=chunk) Valuation Inputs for Convertible Senior Secured Notes | Input | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | | :---------------- | :------------ | :---------------- | | Share price ($) | 6.77 | 12.58 | | Conversion price ($) | 3.50 | 3.50 | | Interest rate (%) | 12.00 | 12.00 | | Credit spread (%) | 43.50 | 40.64 | | Risk free rate (%) | 3.70 | 4.40 | | Expected life (years) | 3.50 | 4.00 | | Dividend yield (%) | — | — | | Volatility (%) | 85.00 | 85.00 | [16 Financial Risk Management and Impairment of Financial Assets](index=22&type=section&id=16%20Financial%20risk%20management%20and%20impairment%20of%20financial%20assets) The Group is exposed to market risk (primarily foreign exchange), credit risk, and liquidity risk, with minimal credit risk exposure for trade receivables, significant foreign exchange risk due to USD-denominated Convertible Senior Secured Notes, and liquidity risk managed through cash flow forecasts, though its ability to meet obligations beyond mid-2026 is uncertain without additional funding - The Group's activities expose it to market risk (foreign exchange rates, interest rates, equity prices), credit risk, and liquidity risk[95](index=95&type=chunk) - Maximum credit exposure at June 30, 2025, was **£499 thousand**, primarily from other receivables, with no significant expected credit losses for trade receivables[97](index=97&type=chunk)[99](index=99&type=chunk) - The Group is exposed to material foreign exchange risk due to significant USD-denominated Convertible Senior Secured Notes relative to USD deposits and cash held[101](index=101&type=chunk) - Liquidity risk is managed through short and long-term cash flow forecasts, but the Group's ability to continue as a going concern is highly dependent on securing additional funding to meet operational needs beyond mid-2026[102](index=102&type=chunk)[104](index=104&type=chunk) Maturity Analysis of Financial Liabilities (June 30, 2025) | Liability | Within 1 year (£'000) | Between 2 and 5 years (£'000) | After more than 5 years (£'000) | Total (£'000) | | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :---------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :------------ | | Trade and other payables | 14,458 | 3,649 | — | 18,107 | | Lease liabilities | 831 | 1,241 | 411 | 2,483 | | Convertible senior secured notes | — | 100,995 | — | 100,995 | | Total | 15,289 | 105,885 | 411 | 121,585 | [17 Related Party Transactions](index=25&type=section&id=17%20Related%20party%20transactions) Key management personnel compensation increased to £2,988 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher share-based payments, while the Company also had significant transactions with Mudrick Capital, including fair value gains on Convertible Senior Secured Notes and investments in the January and July 2025 Offerings, and with Stephen Fitzpatrick for services and an unexercised option Key Management Personnel Compensation (6 months ended June 30) | Metric | 2025 (£'000) | 2024 (£'000) | Change (£'000) | Change (%) | | :------------------------------------ | :----------- | :----------- | :------------- | :--------- | | Salaries and other short term employee benefits | 712 | 624 | 88 | 14.1% | | Payments to defined contribution pension schemes | 10 | 7 | 3 | 42.9% | | Share-based payments | 2,266 | 1,325 | 941 | 71.0% | | Total | 2,988 | 1,957 | 1,031 | 52.7% | - New Board members were appointed, including Dómhnal Slattery as chairman, while several members resigned during the period[107](index=107&type=chunk) - Stuart Simpson and Dómhnal Slattery were awarded substantial share options in January and July 2025, with anti-dilution provisions to maintain their respective holdings[107](index=107&type=chunk)[109](index=109&type=chunk) - The Company recognized fair value gains of **£258,719 thousand** and interest charges of **£5,782 thousand** in relation to Convertible Senior Secured Notes with Mudrick Capital[110](index=110&type=chunk) - Mudrick Capital invested **$25 million** in the January 2025 Offering for **4,166,666** Units (shares and warrants) and **$12.5 million** in the July 2025 Offering for **2,500,000** shares[111](index=111&type=chunk) - Stephen Fitzpatrick's controlled company, Imagination Industries Investments Ltd, provided services totaling **£151 thousand** to the Group during the first six months of 2025[113](index=113&type=chunk) [18 Non-Adjusting Events After the Reporting Period](index=26&type=section&id=18%20Non%20adjusting%20events%20after%20the%20reporting%20period) In July 2025, subsequent to the reporting period, the Company completed a public offering of 13,800,000 ordinary shares, generating aggregate gross proceeds of $69 million - The Company launched and closed the July 2025 Offering on July 10, 2025, consisting of a public offering of **13,800,000** ordinary shares[114](index=114&type=chunk) - The July 2025 Offering generated aggregate gross proceeds of **$69 million**, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses[114](index=114&type=chunk)

Group 1 - Hedge fund manager Jason Mudrick is backing Vertical Aerospace, a UK startup developing electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, after successfully betting on meme stocks [1][2] - Mudrick's fund converted $130 million in debt to equity, removed founder Stephen Fitzpatrick, and plans to launch the flagship model VX4 by 2028, which can carry six passengers for short, quiet flights at prices similar to Uber [1][2] - Vertical Aerospace faces intense competition, with US rivals Archer Aviation, Beta Technologies, and Joby Aviation raising over $1.4 billion in the past year, while Vertical raised only $90 million in January [1] Group 2 - Vertical Aerospace is focusing on a straightforward business model of selling aircraft and generating ongoing revenue through maintenance services and battery replacement contracts, differing from competitors like Joby that operate their own fleets [2] - The company is tasked with raising $1 billion for certification, with CEO Stuart Simpson stating that current funds can support short-term operations but new investment is needed soon [2] - Despite skepticism regarding public acceptance and air traffic management issues, Mudrick remains optimistic about the company's prospects [2]

Core Viewpoint - Vertical Aerospace Ltd. (EVTL) has shown a significant price increase of 32% over the past four weeks, with a mean price target of $10.30 indicating a potential upside of 93.6% from its current price of $5.32 [1] Price Targets and Analyst Consensus - The average price targets for EVTL range from a low of $2 to a high of $15, with a standard deviation of $5.14, indicating variability in analyst estimates [2] - The lowest estimate suggests a decline of 62.4%, while the highest points to an upside of 182% [2] - A low standard deviation among price targets suggests a strong agreement among analysts regarding the stock's price direction [9] Earnings Estimates and Analyst Optimism - Analysts have shown growing optimism regarding EVTL's earnings prospects, as indicated by a strong consensus in revising EPS estimates higher [11] - Over the last 30 days, the Zacks Consensus Estimate for the current year has increased by 100%, with two estimates moving higher and no negative revisions [12] - EVTL holds a Zacks Rank 2 (Buy), placing it in the top 20% of over 4,000 ranked stocks based on earnings estimate factors, indicating strong potential for upside [13]

Core Viewpoint - Vertical Aerospace Ltd. (EVTL) has experienced a decline of 7.8% in its stock price over the past two weeks, but the formation of a hammer chart pattern suggests potential support and a possible trend reversal in the future [1][2]. Technical Analysis - The hammer chart pattern indicates a minor difference between opening and closing prices, with a long lower wick suggesting that the stock may have found support after a downtrend [4][5]. - This pattern typically forms when bears have control, but buying interest emerges, pushing the stock price up towards the opening price, signaling a potential trend reversal [5]. Fundamental Analysis - There has been a positive trend in earnings estimate revisions for EVTL, which is considered a bullish indicator and may lead to price appreciation [7]. - The consensus EPS estimate for the current year has increased by 100% over the last 30 days, indicating strong agreement among Wall Street analysts regarding the company's improved earnings potential [8]. - EVTL holds a Zacks Rank of 2 (Buy), placing it in the top 20% of over 4,000 ranked stocks, which typically outperform the market [9].

Summary of Vertical Aerospace Investor Conference Company Overview - **Company Name**: Vertical Aerospace - **Ticker**: EVTL (New York Stock Exchange) - **CEO**: Stuart Simpson - **Industry**: Aerospace, specifically focusing on electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft Key Points and Arguments 1. **Market Positioning**: Vertical Aerospace is well-positioned for success in the aerospace sector, having undergone a significant industry shakeout, leaving only a few players likely to succeed in the coming years [4][5][6] 2. **Certification Progress**: The company is making substantial progress towards certification under the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), with a target certification date set for 2028 [6][27] 3. **Financial Health**: Vertical Aerospace has cleaned up its balance sheet by equitizing a $130 million convertible loan and raising $90 million in new equity, making it highly investable [8][10] 4. **Market Growth**: The eVTOL market is at a tipping point, with approximately $1.8 billion flowing into the sector recently, indicating a strong belief in the market's potential to reach a trillion-dollar valuation [11][12] 5. **Urban Mobility Challenge**: The company aims to address urban mobility issues in mega cities, where traditional transport infrastructure is insufficient [14][16] 6. **Operational Efficiency**: Vertical's aircraft, the VX4, has zero single points of failure and significantly lower operating costs compared to helicopters, making it a more viable option for urban transport [19][20] 7. **Safety Standards**: The VX4 is designed to meet a safety standard of 10 to the minus nine, making it significantly safer than helicopters [21][24] 8. **Customer Base**: The company has secured around 1,500 orders from major airlines and leasing companies, showcasing strong demand for its aircraft [26] 9. **Hybrid Variant**: A recently announced hybrid variant of the aircraft expands market opportunities, particularly in the defense sector, potentially doubling the size of the business [34][46] 10. **Partnerships**: Vertical Aerospace has a long-standing partnership with Honeywell, focusing on flight control software and technology integration, which is crucial for certification and production [50][52] Additional Important Content - **Infrastructure Development**: There is a significant investment in infrastructure for eVTOL operations, with over 1,200 verticals expected to be built by 2028 [12] - **Regulatory Oversight**: The company emphasizes the importance of regulatory oversight in the UK, which sets it apart from competitors operating in less regulated environments [48][55] - **Future Plans**: Upcoming milestones include wingborne flying tests and the final design of the certification aircraft, with expectations to ramp up production post-certification [56][57] This summary encapsulates the critical insights from the Vertical Aerospace investor conference, highlighting the company's strategic positioning, market potential, and operational advancements.

Industry Overview - The aerospace defense industry is experiencing growth despite supply-chain challenges, driven by increased defense budgets and positive projections for global air passenger numbers in the second half of 2025 [1][3] - A White House report indicates a proposed 13% increase in U.S. defense spending to $1.01 trillion for fiscal year 2026, which is expected to benefit defense-focused companies [4] - The Zacks-defined Aerospace – Defense Industry ranks in the top 16% of Zacks Industry Rank, suggesting it will outperform the market in the next three to six months [5] Company Summaries GE Aerospace - GE Aerospace is seeing strong demand for commercial engines and propulsion technologies, supported by rising defense budgets and geopolitical tensions [8] - The company raised its dividend by 28.6% to 36 cents per share in February 2025, with expected organic revenue growth in the low-double-digit range for 2025 [9] - GE Aerospace has an expected revenue growth rate of -6.8% and an earnings growth rate of 19.6% for the current year [9] Howmet Aerospace Inc. - Howmet Aerospace is benefiting from robust momentum in the commercial aerospace market and strength in its defense business due to rising defense budgets [10] - The company has a strong liquidity position and expects revenue and earnings growth rates of 8.5% and 28.6%, respectively, for the current year [11] Leidos Holdings Inc. - Leidos Holdings reported strong earnings and revenue growth, with increased contract wins from the Pentagon leading to a solid backlog of $46.30 billion [12][14] - The company is well-positioned to contribute to the development of a next-generation missile defense shield, with expected revenue and earnings growth rates of 2.7% and 4.3%, respectively, for the current year [14] Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc. - Huntington Ingalls is a leading U.S. shipbuilder with a solid order backlog, driven by strong demand for its nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines [15][16] - The company expects revenue and earnings growth rates of 3.3% and 2.5%, respectively, for the current year [17] Vertical Aerospace Ltd. - Vertical Aerospace is focused on designing and manufacturing zero-emission electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, with significant growth potential in the advanced air mobility market [18] - The company has an expected revenue growth rate of 1% and an earnings growth rate of over 100% for the current year [19]