Core Viewpoint - The latest research from the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) indicates that electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe have a lifecycle greenhouse gas emission that is 73% lower than that of traditional gasoline vehicles, including emissions from battery production [2] Group 1: Lifecycle Emissions - Electric vehicles have a higher carbon footprint during the initial manufacturing phase due to battery production, approximately 40% higher than gasoline vehicles, but this difference is offset after driving about 17,000 kilometers [2] - From 2025 to 2044, the average carbon emissions for medium-sized electric vehicles in the EU are projected to be around 63 grams of CO2 equivalent per kilometer, compared to approximately 235 grams for gasoline vehicles, which includes tailpipe emissions and indirect emissions from fuel production and vehicle manufacturing [2] Group 2: Market Growth in China - The penetration rate of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China reached 31.6% in 2023, a significant increase from 2022, and is expected to rise to 40.3% in the first 11 months of 2024 [5] - In the first half of 2023, China's automotive industry saw a year-on-year growth of over 10% in multiple economic indicators, with NEV production and sales reaching 696.8 million and 693.7 million units respectively, marking a year-on-year increase of 41.4% and 40.3% [8] Group 3: Future Projections - It is anticipated that by 2025, the penetration rate of NEVs will reach 50%, with sales projected at approximately 16.5 million units; by 2030, the penetration rate is expected to be between 70% and 75% [9] - By 2035, the penetration rate of pure electric vehicles is expected to reach 85% to 90%, establishing a market structure of 333 for gasoline, hybrid, and pure electric vehicles [9]

Market Overview - The Green Steel Market was valued at USD 7.4 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 19.4 Billion by 2029, with a CAGR of 21.4% [1] - The rising sustainability and growing demand for steel make green steel an attractive alternative, significantly increasing its potential in the global market [2] Environmental Impact - Traditional steel manufacturing is energy and carbon-intensive, contributing to about 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions [3] - Green steel production aims to reduce carbon emissions through innovative technologies and renewable energy sources [4][5] Production Techniques - Green steel can be produced using various techniques, including electric arc furnaces, hydrogen-based production, and other fossil-free processing methods [6] - The use of low-carbon energy sources, such as green hydrogen, is essential for transforming the steel industry towards sustainable practices [5][8] Market Drivers and Opportunities - Government support through policies and funding initiatives is expected to propel the development of green steel technologies [7] - Significant investments from leading steel manufacturers are driving the transition to environmentally friendly practices [6] Technological Advancements - Hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron (HDRI) is a leading technology, replacing coal with green hydrogen and producing water instead of CO2 [8] - The Swedish company H2 Green Steel secured $4.54 billion in financing to build a large-scale green steel plant, aiming to produce 5 million tons annually by 2030 [8] Market Segmentation - The green steel market is segmented by processing technique, end-use industries (such as building and construction, transportation, and machinery), and geographic regions [21]

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2023 Registration No. 333-275115 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | State of Israel | 4961 | Not Applicable | | --- | --- | --- | | (State or other jurisdiction of | (Primary Standard Industrial | (I.R.S. Employer | | incorporation or organization) | Classification Code Number) | Identification Number) | Avraham Brenmiller Chief Executive Officer 13 Amal St. 4th Floor, Park Afek Rosh Haayin, 4809249 Israel Tel: +972-7 ...