Report Summary 1. Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The downstream terminals are hesitant about the negative demand feedback in August caused by US tariffs and believe the current price has mostly priced in previous expectations. The lower support for copper prices has been raised from 77,000 yuan per ton to 78,000 yuan per ton [3]. - The impact of the mine accident at Chile's El Teniente copper mine may exceed expectations, and Coldeco needs to allocate more resources to address copper supply issues. The increase in the US dollar index on Monday evening slightly suppressed the valuation of the non - ferrous metals sector [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Copper Price and Volatility - The latest copper price is 79,020 yuan, with a monthly price range forecast of 73,000 - 80,000 yuan. The current volatility is 11.64%, and the historical percentile of the current volatility is 22.6% [2]. Copper Risk Management Suggestions - **Inventory Management**: For high finished - product inventory and fear of price decline, sell 75% of the Shanghai copper main futures contract at around 82,000 yuan and sell 25% of the CU2510C82000 call option when the volatility is relatively stable [2]. - **Raw Material Management**: For low raw material inventory and fear of price increase, buy 75% of the Shanghai copper main futures contract at around 77,000 yuan [2]. Factors Affecting Copper Prices - **Likely Positive Factors**: Agreement on tariff policies between the US and other countries; decline of the US dollar index due to employment data; obvious lower support [4]. - **Likely Negative Factors**: Repeated tariff policies; reduced global demand due to tariff policies; extremely high COMEX inventory caused by US copper tariff policy adjustments [4][5]. Copper Futures and Spot Data - **Futures Data**: The latest price of Shanghai copper main is 79,020 yuan/ton (0% daily change), Shanghai copper continuous one is 79,020 yuan/ton (0.68% daily increase), Shanghai copper continuous three is 79,030 yuan/ton (0% daily change), LME copper 3M is 9,726.5 US dollars/ton (- 0.42% daily change), and the Shanghai - London ratio is 8.15 (0% daily change) [4]. - **Spot Data**: The latest prices of Shanghai Non - ferrous 1 copper, Shanghai Wumaohui, Guangdong Nanchu, and Yangtze Non - ferrous are 79,150 yuan/ton (0.79% daily increase), 79,130 yuan/ton (0.8% daily increase), 78,950 yuan/ton (0.73% daily increase), and 79,190 yuan/ton (0.7% daily increase) respectively [6]. Copper Scrap Price Difference - The current含税 refined - scrap price difference is 1,074.89 yuan/ton (37.1% daily increase), and the reasonable含税 refined - scrap price difference is 1,491.6 yuan/ton (0.41% daily increase) [8]. Copper Warehouse Receipts and Inventory - **SHFE Copper Warehouse Receipts**: The total Shanghai copper warehouse receipts are 23,275 tons (9.42% daily increase), and the total international copper warehouse receipts are 1,553 tons (0% daily change) [12]. - **LME Copper Inventory**: The total LME copper inventory is 155,700 tons (- 0.1% daily change), and the registered warehouse receipts are 143,725 tons (- 0.73% daily change) [14]. - **COMEX Copper Inventory**: The total COMEX copper inventory is 265,196 tons (1.54% weekly increase), and the registered warehouse receipts are 121,933 tons (- 1.91% weekly change) [15]. Copper Import Profit and Processing - The copper import profit and loss is - 100.28 yuan/ton (- 59.08% daily change), and the copper concentrate TC is - 38 US dollars/ton (0% daily change) [16].

Well, let's go from chips to the credit markets. Wall Street's watching closely as the Treasury hits the market with its latest 30-year bond auction. Investors are parsing demand for long-term debt amid rising deficits, shifting rate expectations, and of course, the economic outlook is uncertain.Rick Santelli joins us now from Chicago. Rick, what do you have. >> Yeah, you know, there is a lot to unpack there.Let's start at the beginning and let the charts do some talking. If you look at twos and tens since ...

Bond Market & Yields - The 10-year yield remains stagnant at 446%, mirroring levels from November, indicating a lack of movement in borrowing costs [1] - Despite positive economic data, bond yields experienced an initial rise followed by a slight decrease, influenced by technical factors [4] - Key psychological levels for yields are identified: just under 2% for 2-year, 450% for 10-year, and 500% for 30-year maturities [5] Economic Data & Fed Policy - Retail sales show a healthy rebound, and initial jobless claims hit a three-month low at 221000 [2][3] - Market expectations for Fed funds imply less easing, shifting from over two quarter-point cuts to 170% [3] - Strong economic data initially pushed yields higher, aligning with typical market behavior [4] Dollar Index - The dollar index is nearing a one-month high, approaching the significant psychological level of 100 [7] - Increased interest rates and a decent labor market contribute to the strengthening of the dollar index [6]

Market Trends - The WSJ Dollar Index increased by 0.82% to reach 94.98 this week [1]

Long-term Trend Analysis Framework - Structural driving factors include interest rate differentials, economic growth differences, and purchasing power parity (PPP) [1] - The Australian dollar to US dollar (AUD/USD) fell by 40% from 2011 to 2015 due to the Reserve Bank of Australia's continuous interest rate cuts [1] - OECD leading indicators show that when the US PMI exceeds the Eurozone by 3 percentage points, EUR/USD depreciates by an average of 5% annually [1] - The Taylor rule model can predict policy interest rate paths [1] - The US dollar has long-term deviations from PPP of about 15%, but it tends to revert to the mean over a 10-year cycle [1] Cyclical Analysis Models - The Kitchin cycle (3-4 years) reflects inventory adjustments affecting short-term fluctuations in commodity currencies [2] - The Juglar cycle (8-10 years) is driven by capital expenditure cycles impacting currency pairs like AUD/JPY [2] - The Kuznets cycle (15-25 years) shows a linkage between real estate cycles and currencies like CAD/CHF [2] - During the Federal Reserve's tightening cycle, the US dollar appreciated by an average of 12% from 1994 to 2000 [2] Quantitative Analysis Tools - Trend identification can be achieved through the crossover of 150-day and 300-day EMAs [3] - The ADX indicator confirms trend strength, with values above 25 indicating strong trends [3] - The Hurst exponent is used to assess trend persistence, with values greater than 0.5 indicating trend continuation [3] Practical Strategy Development - In an expansion phase, strategies include going long on commodity currencies and managing positions using the Kelly formula [5] - In a recession phase, strategies involve going long on USD/JPY and employing volatility strategies [5] Cutting-edge Research Areas - The impact of carbon border taxes on euro pricing and the correlation between the El Niño index and AUD/BRL are being studied [6] - The interaction between stablecoin liquidity and the offshore dollar market is a focus area [6] - Development of a Geopolitical Risk Index (GPR) to analyze dynamic relationships with Middle Eastern currencies [6] Classic Case Reviews - The 1992 British pound crisis was influenced by rising German interest rates while the UK maintained its exchange rate mechanism [7] - The 2015 Swiss franc decoupling was a result of contradictions between the Swiss National Bank's balance sheet expansion and its exchange rate policy [7] - The 2020 pandemic caused a liquidity crisis in the dollar market, leading to a sudden collapse of carry trades [7] Summary - Effective long-term cycle analysis requires a multi-layered framework that includes macro factors, market structure, and behavioral finance [8] - A mixed strategy of 70% trend following and 30% cycle adjustment is recommended, with a focus on monitoring the US 10-year Treasury volatility index (MOVE) and global forex liquidity indicators (FXLI) as leading indicators [8] - Attention should be given to the global debt cycle, which has reached a historical peak of 327% of global GDP, impacting currency valuation systems [8]