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Dana(DAN) - 2025 Q4 - Earnings Call Transcript
2026-02-18 15:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For Q4 2025, sales were $1.867 billion, an increase of $93 million compared to the previous year, driven by customer recoveries and currency translation [18] - Adjusted EBITDA for Q4 was $208 million, resulting in an 11.1% margin, a 640 basis points improvement over the prior year's fourth quarter [19] - Full-year sales for 2025 were $7.5 billion, down $234 million from 2024, reflecting weakening market demand across both light vehicle and commercial vehicle sectors [20] - Full-year adjusted EBITDA was $610 million, an improvement of $215 million from the prior year, resulting in an 8.1% margin, up 300 basis points [21] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The light vehicle segment saw growth, while certain commercial vehicle markets experienced weaker demand, impacting overall sales [23] - Performance actions contributed an additional $17 million in Q4, driven by commercial recoveries and pricing initiatives [24] - For the full year, performance actions added $981 million in sales, primarily from pricing and commercial actions [26] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The light truck market is expected to hold steady, with flat volume year-over-year from 2025 levels [13] - There is optimism for improved volumes in the commercial vehicle sector towards the latter half of the year [14] - The company’s backlog is $750 million, with $200 million expected to flow through in 2026 [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on its Dana 2030 strategy, which includes a target of close to $10 billion in sales by 2030, with a margin increase to 14%-15% at the EBITDA line [52] - The strategy includes growth in aftermarket business, traditional light vehicle and commercial vehicle sectors, and EV and Applied Technologies [54] - The company plans to return $2 billion to shareholders through stock buybacks, with $300 million targeted for 2026 [53] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company’s ability to deliver on financial objectives and highlighted strong momentum exiting 2025 [10] - The outlook for 2026 remains unchanged, with expectations for revenue to be approximately $7.5 billion and adjusted EBITDA around $800 million [34] - Management noted that the operational execution and cost reduction initiatives are expected to drive meaningful profit expansion [35] Other Important Information - The company completed the sale of its Off-Highway business and used most of the $2 billion proceeds to repay debt [8] - The company returned just over $700 million to shareholders in 2025, including a 20% increase in dividends [11] - The company’s balance sheet is significantly stronger post-divestiture, with reduced debt and improved liquidity [46] Q&A Session Summary Question: Follow-up on the target for sales of $10 billion by 2030 - Management explained that the growth target includes normalization in the North American commercial vehicle market and several growth strategies in traditional vehicles and aftermarket opportunities [58][60] Question: Impact of EV cancellations on 2025 guidance - Management indicated that while there were some recoveries, many programs have not completely canceled, leading to adjustments in ongoing sales prices [64][68] Question: Breakdown of contributions to EBITDA margin targets - Management refrained from providing detailed breakdowns but emphasized structural cost reductions and operational efficiencies as key drivers for margin enhancement [71][72] Question: Sustainability of commercial vehicle margins - Management expressed confidence in the sustainability of margin levels, attributing improvements to operational efficiencies and new plant performance [75][78] Question: Future capital deployment strategies - Management indicated flexibility in capital deployment, considering both shareholder returns and potential acquisitions to accelerate growth [82][90]
Precision Drilling Q4 Earnings Call Highlights
Yahoo Finance· 2026-02-13 07:09
Core Insights - Precision Drilling reported a net loss of CAD 42 million in the fourth quarter, primarily due to non-cash charges related to rig decommissioning and drill pipe adjustments, but excluding these, net income would have been CAD 42 million, a significant improvement from CAD 15 million in the same quarter of the previous year [2][7] - The company achieved adjusted EBITDA of CAD 126 million in Q4, slightly up from CAD 121 million year-over-year, indicating stable operational performance [3][7] - Precision's strategy focuses on debt reduction, share repurchases, and maintaining steady operations, with expectations for increased activity in 2026 supported by long-term contracts [4][5] Financial Performance - In Q4, Precision averaged 66 active rigs in Canada, with daily operating margins reported at CAD 14,132, down from CAD 14,559 in Q4 2024 [1] - The U.S. operations averaged 37 active rigs, with daily margins of $8,754, slightly higher than the previous quarter [7] - Internationally, the company averaged seven active rigs, with day rates increasing by 8% year-over-year to $53,505 due to fewer non-billable days [8] Guidance and Strategy - For Q1 2026, Precision anticipates a peak rig count of 87 in Canada, with operating margins expected between CAD 14,000 and CAD 15,000 per day [12] - The U.S. rig count is expected to remain steady at 37, with margins projected between $8,000 and $9,000 per day [13] - The company plans to allocate CAD 245 million for capital expenditures in 2026, focusing on sustaining and infrastructure investments [15] Debt and Shareholder Returns - Precision reduced its net debt by CAD 101 million in 2025, achieving a net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio of 1.2x, and repurchased CAD 76 million of shares [6][9] - The company aims to allocate 35% to 45% of free cash flow to share buybacks, aligning with its commitment to shareholder returns [9] International Operations - Precision is pursuing international reactivations in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, with plans to deploy additional rigs in these markets [19][20] - An MOU in Argentina aims to leverage idle rigs and digital technology, potentially leading to the deployment of 1-3 rigs over the next couple of years [20][21] Operational Insights - The company is focusing on enhancing customer relationships and exploring creative commercial arrangements to drive revenue growth [17] - Management noted that the rig decommissioning charge was a strategic decision based on industry trends, with plans to strip usable parts from decommissioned rigs [23]
Lincoln(LNC) - 2025 Q4 - Earnings Call Transcript
2026-02-12 14:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Adjusted Operating Income increased by 31% year-over-year in Q4 2025, marking the highest level in four years [5] - Full-year Adjusted Operating Income available to common stockholders was over $1.5 billion, a 23% improvement compared to 2024 [25] - Net income available to common stockholders for Q4 was $745 million, or $3.80 per diluted share [26] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Annuities delivered operating income of $311 million for Q4, with total sales volumes up 25% year-over-year [11][30] - Group Protection's full-year operating earnings increased by 16% to $493 million, with a margin improvement to 9% [28] - Life insurance delivered operating earnings of $77 million for Q4, a significant improvement from an operating loss of $15 million in the prior year [36] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - RILA sales increased by 35% in 2025, reflecting strong customer demand [12] - Fixed Annuity sales increased by 11%, while Variable Annuity sales rose by 27% year-over-year [12] - Group Protection's full-year premium growth was nearly 7%, driven by strong sales and persistency [19] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on increasing risk-adjusted returns, reducing volatility, and growing its franchise [7] - Strategic realignment efforts are aimed at optimizing the operating model and enhancing capital efficiency [9] - The company is prioritizing profitable growth over top-line sales growth, particularly in annuities [12][14] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to deliver long-term value despite potential market volatility [10] - The company expects to sustain momentum in earnings growth and improve the quality of earnings over time [22] - Management highlighted the importance of maintaining expense discipline and optimizing the investment strategy [41][42] Other Important Information - The investment portfolio delivered an annualized return of nearly 12% for Q4, exceeding targets [24] - The company completed the consolidation of several life insurance captive entities, which is expected to improve free cash flow [43][69] - Holding company liquidity ended the year at approximately $1.1 billion, providing financial flexibility for future capital returns [44] Q&A Session Summary Question: Capital return expectations for 2026 - Management indicated that capital deployment priorities include maintaining excess capital in operating entities and preparing for preferred stock redemption [52][54] Question: Future remittances and shareholder returns - Management confirmed that remittances are expected to grow, and there is potential for increased capital return to shareholders in the future [60][61] Question: Impact of captive consolidation on earnings - Management noted that the captive consolidation completed in Q4 provided a $10 million benefit to life earnings and is part of broader efforts to improve free cash flow [69]
Lincoln(LNC) - 2025 Q4 - Earnings Call Transcript
2026-02-12 14:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Adjusted Operating Income increased by 31% year-over-year for Q4 2025, marking the highest level in four years, with full-year Adjusted Operating Income exceeding $1.5 billion, a 23% improvement compared to 2024 [5][25][26] - Net income available to common stockholders for Q4 was $745 million, or $3.80 per diluted share, driven by favorable market conditions [26] - The company reported a strong alternative investments portfolio return of nearly 12% for the quarter [25][42] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Annuities delivered operating income of $311 million for Q4, with total sales volumes up 25% year-over-year, driven by a shift towards spread-based products [10][31] - Group Protection achieved operating earnings of $493 million for the full year, up 16% from 2024, with a margin improvement to 9% [28][30] - Life insurance operating earnings improved significantly to $77 million for Q4, compared to an operating loss of $15 million in the prior year [36][38] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - RILA sales increased by 35% in 2025, while Fixed Annuity sales rose by 11%, reflecting strong market demand [11][12] - Group Protection's full-year premium growth was nearly 7%, with strong sales across all products and segments [19][30] - Retirement Plan Services reported average account balances increasing nearly 9% year-over-year to $124 billion, despite net outflows of approximately $1 billion for the quarter [35][36] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on improving risk-adjusted returns on capital, reducing volatility, and growing its franchise through strategic realignment and operational enhancements [6][7] - There is an emphasis on products with higher risk-adjusted margins and stable cash flows to strengthen business resilience [8][9] - The company aims to maintain disciplined expense management while investing strategically to support long-term priorities [7][40] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to deliver long-term value, despite potential market volatility and economic changes [9][23] - The company is committed to enhancing capital efficiency and optimizing its operating model to support sustainable growth [22][48] - Looking ahead to 2026, management expects continued earnings growth and a focus on profitable growth over top-line sales growth [12][16] Other Important Information - The company completed the consolidation of several life insurance captive entities, which is expected to improve GAAP earnings by approximately $25 million to $30 million in 2026 [71] - Holding company liquidity ended the year at approximately $1.1 billion, providing financial flexibility for future capital returns to shareholders [44][49] Q&A Session Summary Question: Capital return expectations for 2026 - Management indicated that capital deployment priorities include maintaining excess capital in operating entities and preparing for optimal handling of preferred securities [52][54] Question: Excess cash management at the holding company - Management confirmed that excess cash would primarily be used for managing preferred securities and increasing capital return to shareholders [56][57] Question: Life insurance business improvements - Management discussed the benefits of captive consolidation and ongoing efforts to enhance the free cash flow profile of the legacy life block, projecting further improvements in earnings [70][71]
Tenet Healthcare Quarterly Profit Surges As Hospital, Surgery Demand Grows
Benzinga· 2026-02-11 17:34
Core Insights - Tenet Healthcare Corporation reported fourth-quarter sales of $5.527 billion, an increase of approximately 8.9% year over year, surpassing the consensus estimate of $5.472 billion [1] - Adjusted earnings per share rose to $4.70 from $3.44 a year ago, exceeding the consensus of $4.05 [1] Financial Performance - Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $1.183 billion, up from $1.048 billion a year ago, reflecting strong growth in same-facility revenue, higher acuity, and disciplined expense management [2] - Hospital Operations and Services revenues increased by 7.3% to $4.09 billion, driven by a favorable payer mix, higher acuity, and increased Medicaid supplemental revenues [4] Segment Breakdown - Ambulatory segment revenues rose by 13.8% to $1.43 billion, supported by strong growth in same-facility net patient services revenues, facility acquisitions, and expanded service lines [3] - Surgical business same-facility system-wide net patient service revenues increased by 7.2%, with cases up by 1.6% and net revenue per case up by 5.5%, driven by higher acuity and a favorable payer mix [3] Management Commentary - The CEO of Tenet highlighted the company's strong revenue growth, disciplined operations, improved margins, and robust free cash flow generation in 2025 [5] Outlook - For 2026, Tenet expects revenue guidance between $21.5 billion and $22.3 billion, compared to the consensus of $22.21 billion [6] - The guidance includes Hospital segment sales of $16 billion to $16.6 billion and Ambulatory Segment sales of $5.5 billion to $5.7 billion [7] - Adjusted earnings are forecasted to be between $16.19 and $18.47, with adjusted EBITDA expected in the range of $4.485 billion to $4.785 billion [7] Stock Performance - Tenet shares increased by 6.73% to $206.03 at the time of publication, with a daily high of $206.08 and a low of $186.50, currently 7.5% below its 52-week high [8]
Levi Strauss: Expect Demand Momentum To Continue (NYSE:LEVI)
Seeking Alpha· 2026-02-10 04:24
Core Insights - The article emphasizes a fundamental, valuation-driven investment approach focused on identifying businesses with potential for long-term growth and significant terminal value [1] Investment Philosophy - The investment strategy is centered around understanding core business economics, including competitive advantages, unit economics, reinvestment opportunities, and management quality [1] - The goal is to translate these factors into long-term free cash flow generation and shareholder value creation [1] Sector Focus - The analysis highlights a preference for sectors that exhibit strong secular tailwinds, indicating a focus on industries likely to experience sustained growth [1] Professional Background - The individual has 10 years of self-educated investment experience and currently manages personal funds sourced from friends and family [1] - The motivation for sharing insights on platforms like Seeking Alpha is to provide valuable investment analysis and receive feedback from other investors [1] Analytical Approach - The article advocates for analysis that is both analytical and accessible, aiming to assist readers in identifying high-quality, long-term investment opportunities [1]
Patterson-UTI Energy(PTEN) - 2025 Q4 - Earnings Call Transcript
2026-02-05 16:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total reported revenue for Q4 2025 was $1.151 billion, with a net loss attributable to common shareholders of $9 million, or $0.02 per share [23] - Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter totaled $221 million, and adjusted free cash flow for the year was $416 million, marking the strongest cash-generating quarter of the year [23][5] - The company increased its quarterly dividend by 25% to $0.10 per share, reflecting confidence in free cash flow exceeding dividend commitments [8][31] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - In the drilling services segment, Q4 revenue was $361 million with an adjusted gross profit of $132 million, maintaining a steady average operating rig count of 93 rigs [25] - The completion services segment generated $702 million in revenue with an adjusted gross profit of $111 million, showing steady activity and pricing compared to Q3 [26] - The drilling products segment reported $84 million in revenue with an adjusted gross profit of $34 million, with revenue per industry rig remaining near record levels [27] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The U.S. oil market remains resilient despite macroeconomic uncertainties, with crude prices around $60 per barrel [7][32] - Internationally, revenue experienced a slight decline in the Middle East but growth was noted in Latin America and Asia Pacific [20][21] - The company anticipates improved international revenue in the drilling products segment as activity increases, particularly in Saudi Arabia [21] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering safe and efficient execution, investing in differentiated technologies, and maximizing returns while generating substantial free cash flow [7][8] - A reduction in gross CapEx budget by around 15% to approximately $500 million for 2026, with a focus on high-return projects [10] - The company is expanding its presence in Argentina by leasing high-spec rigs for the Vaca Muerta field, which is expected to reduce U.S. rig supply [13][84] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about long-term prospects for natural gas and expects increased drilling activity to meet future demand [9] - The company remains committed to capital discipline and is adapting to changing market conditions while maintaining operational excellence [5][32] - Management noted that uncertainties regarding U.S. oil production sustainability may require increased drilling activity to maintain production trends [8][9] Other Important Information - The company has successfully implemented new digital processes to improve maintenance and operational efficiency [10][12] - The EOS digital platform was launched to enhance real-time decision-making for customers, integrating various data sources [18][19] - The company plans to continue returning at least 50% of adjusted free cash flow to shareholders through dividends and buybacks [30][35] Q&A Session Summary Question: How do you see the U.S. frac supply-demand balance today? - Management noted that while fleet count appears to be decreasing, the amount of horsepower deployed has been increasing, indicating a tighter market balance [40][41] Question: Can you provide color on the Current Power business and energy storage systems? - Management mentioned that Current Power is exploring opportunities in energy storage for data centers, but it is still in early stages [44] Question: What is the outlook for pricing power in the market? - Management indicated that pricing power may return with increased activity in natural gas basins, which would necessitate adding to the asset base [56][58] Question: What actions are being taken to reduce costs? - Management highlighted efforts in maintenance CapEx and operational efficiency to control costs across both drilling and completion services [68][70] Question: What is the philosophy regarding share buybacks? - Management stated that the focus remains on maximizing free cash flow, and share buybacks will be evaluated based on cash flow per share accretion opportunities [72][75]
Graphic Packaging (GPK) Earnings Transcript
Yahoo Finance· 2026-02-03 16:38
Core Insights - The company aims to enhance brand perception, enable sustainability goals, and deliver exceptional quality and reliability, which are seen as substantial opportunities for improving performance and creating shareholder value [1][5] - The company recognizes the critical role of packaging in consumer purchasing decisions and is aware of the challenges and opportunities faced by customers in the evolving market [2][10] - The CEO has initiated a comprehensive operational and business review to unlock the company's full potential and drive stronger performance for stakeholders [6][9] Company Overview - Graphic Packaging is positioned as a world-class company with strong relationships with respected consumer brands and retailers, supported by an industry-leading asset base [5][12] - The company operates approximately 100 packaging facilities, including the highest quality recycled paperboard manufacturing facilities in North America [5][18] - The company has a strong focus on innovation and technical capabilities to build deeper customer relationships [5][23] Operational Challenges and Strategies - The company acknowledges the need to address overcapacity in the commodity bleached paperboard markets and the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on consumer purchasing patterns [10][11] - Immediate steps are being taken to right-size the cost structure and reduce inventory levels to enhance profitability and drive free cash generation [11][12] - A transformation office has been established to drive operational improvements and enhance productivity without disrupting customer service [8][16] Financial Performance and Projections - In Q4, net sales were $2.1 billion, essentially flat year-over-year, with adjusted EBITDA of $311 million, reflecting competitive pricing pressures and softer packaging volumes [28][29] - For the full year, net sales were $8.6 billion, down approximately 2%, with adjusted EBITDA around $1.4 billion [29][30] - The company expects adjusted free cash flow to be between $700 million and $800 million in 2026, driven by reduced capital spending and inventory optimization [21][33] Growth Strategy - The company is focused on disciplined organic growth, prioritizing markets with the best long-term opportunities while reducing exposure to less favorable markets [21][22] - Partnerships with key consumer packaged goods companies and quick service restaurants are being emphasized to drive volume growth and innovation [22][63] - The company aims to accelerate the speed of commercialization for innovative packaging solutions to meet evolving customer needs [24][23] Capital Allocation and Debt Management - The company’s capital allocation strategy prioritizes reducing leverage, returning capital to shareholders, and optimizing the portfolio over time [25][44] - The current net leverage stands at 3.8 times, with plans to pay down approximately $500 million of debt in 2026 [25][42] - The company remains committed to returning capital through dividends and opportunistic share repurchases as leverage declines [26][44]
Hess Midstream LP(HESM) - 2025 Q4 - Earnings Call Transcript
2026-02-02 16:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the full year 2025, the company reported a net income of approximately $685 million and adjusted EBITDA of $1,238 million, representing a growth of approximately 9% from 2024 [10] - In Q4 2025, net income was $168 million, down from approximately $176 million in Q3 2025, while adjusted EBITDA was $309 million compared to approximately $321 million in Q3 2025 [10][11] - The company expects adjusted free cash flow in Q1 2026 to increase relative to Q4 2025, with projected capital expenditures lower than in the previous quarter [12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Gas processing volumes for 2025 averaged 445 million cubic feet per day, crude terminaling volumes averaged 129,000 barrels of oil per day, and water gathering volumes averaged 131,000 barrels of water per day [6] - In Q4 2025, gas processing volumes averaged 444 million cubic feet per day, crude terminaling volumes averaged 122,000 barrels of oil per day, and water gathering volumes averaged 124,000 barrels of water per day [5] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company anticipates lower volumes across its systems in Q1 2026 due to severe winter weather, but expects growth in volumes throughout the rest of 2026 consistent with historical seasonal expectations [6][12] - Approximately 95% of the company's revenues are protected by minimum volume commitments (MVCs) for the full year 2026, providing a stable revenue base [7][13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company plans to reduce capital spending significantly, expecting to spend approximately $150 million in 2026, a 40% reduction from 2025, and further decrease to less than $75 million per year in 2027 and 2028 [4][14] - The strategy includes a targeted 5% distribution growth per Class A share through 2028, supported by significant free cash flow generation and debt repayment [5][9] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management highlighted that the severe winter weather impacted Q4 2025 performance but expects a recovery in production as weather conditions improve [40] - The company reiterated its long-term growth outlook, expecting approximately 10% annualized adjusted free cash flow growth through 2028, driven by gas volume growth and lower operating and capital expenditures [8][29] Other Important Information - The gross adjusted EBITDA margin for Q4 2025 was maintained at approximately 83%, above the target of 75%, indicating strong operating leverage [11] - The company had a drawn balance of $338 million on its revolving credit facility at year-end [12] Q&A Session Summary Question: Balance Sheet and Debt Repayment Strategy - Management confirmed plans to use a portion of free cash flow after distributions for debt repayment, expecting to naturally deliver below 3x leverage in the coming years as EBITDA grows [18][19] Question: Third-Party Outlook and Chevron's Production Target - Management indicated no change to the third-party outlook, expecting an average of 10% across oil and gas, and reaffirmed Chevron's target of 200,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day [21][23] Question: Growth Drivers and Cost-Cutting Impact - Management stated that growth in EBITDA is driven by inflation escalators and gas volume growth, with free cash flow growth supported by reduced capital expenditures [27][29] Question: Capital Expenditures Flexibility - Management expects capital expenditures to be lower than $150 million in 2026, with potential for further reductions in 2027 and 2028 [32][35] Question: Weather Impact on Production - Management noted that while severe weather has impacted production, they expect a recovery as conditions improve, with 95% of revenues protected by MVCs [40][41] Question: Long-Term Leverage Target - Management indicated there is no specific leverage target, but expects natural deleveraging as EBITDA grows and debt levels remain stable [43][44]
Hess Midstream (HESM) Q4 2025 Earnings Transcript
Yahoo Finance· 2026-02-02 15:58
Core Insights - The company is reiterating its volume guidance for 2026, expecting growth in volumes consistent with historical seasonal expectations, with revenues approximately 95% protected by minimum volume commitments (MVCs) [1][13] - For 2026, the company anticipates lower volumes due to severe winter weather and normal contingencies, but expects adjusted EBITDA growth of 12% over 2025 at the midpoint [2][6] - The capital expenditure is projected to decrease significantly, with a target of approximately $150 million for 2026, a 40% reduction from 2025 [4][31] Financial Performance - In 2025, the company reported a net income of approximately $685 million and adjusted EBITDA of $1.238 billion, reflecting a 9% growth from 2024 [7] - For the fourth quarter of 2025, net income was $168 million, and adjusted EBITDA was $309 million, showing a decrease from the previous quarter due to severe winter weather [8][10] - The company expects net income for 2026 to be between $150 million and $160 million, with adjusted EBITDA projected at approximately $295 million to $305 million [11][13] Capital Expenditure and Cash Flow - The company plans to reduce capital spending further in 2027 and 2028 to less than $75 million per year, leveraging historical investments to drive significant free cash flow generation [3][5] - Adjusted free cash flow for 2026 is expected to be between $850 million and $900 million, with excess cash flow projected at approximately $210 million after funding targeted distribution growth [14][6] - The company aims for a gross adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 75% in 2026, with total expected capital expenditures of around $150 million [13][14] Revenue and Rate Structure - Approximately 85% of the company's revenues are fixed fee, with rates increasing annually based on an inflation escalator capped at 3% [12] - The company continues to reset rates through an annual rate redetermination process, with expectations for higher tariff rates in 2026 compared to 2025 [12][13] - The company maintains a strong MVC position, with 95% revenue protection in 2026 and 90% in 2027, providing a buffer against volume fluctuations [40][29]