Core Insights - The article highlights the annual selection of the "Top Ten Advances in Life Sciences in China" by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, showcasing significant innovations in the field aimed at enhancing public health and addressing critical issues in life sciences [2][36]. Group 1: Innovations in Cancer Treatment - A new strategy for enhancing and reducing toxicity in nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy has been developed, demonstrating a 44% reduction in failure risk and an increase in survival rate from 77.3% to 86.9% through the use of PD-1 monoclonal antibodies [4]. - The research also led to a decrease in chemotherapy-induced vomiting rates from 59.8% to 26.2% and reduced severe radiation therapy side effects from 33.2% to 21.6% [4]. Group 2: Caloric Restriction and Longevity - Research from Xiamen University identified a molecule called taurocholic acid that significantly increases in serum after caloric restriction, promoting health and longevity across various animal models [7]. - The study revealed that taurocholic acid activates the TULP3 receptor, which in turn activates Sirtuins, linking to the AMPK pathway, thus providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions that mimic caloric restriction effects [9]. Group 3: Neuroregeneration in Stroke Treatment - A novel "brain repair gel" developed by a collaborative team aims to improve the microenvironment post-stroke, promoting the regeneration of neurons and restoring sensory-motor functions [11]. - This approach marks a paradigm shift from passive protection to active regeneration in stroke treatment, with ongoing clinical trials validating its safety and efficacy [13]. Group 4: Metabolite Diversity and Disease Intervention - A team from Peking University discovered new gut microbiota-derived metabolites that regulate metabolic diseases, identifying orphan receptors as new targets for intervention [15]. - The research utilized AI to uncover specific synthetic enzymes, leading to the development of targeted intervention strategies for metabolic disorders [15]. Group 5: Advances in Genetic Engineering - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed an AI-driven protein engineering method that enables large-scale precise editing of DNA, which could revolutionize genetic disease treatment and crop breeding [24]. - This breakthrough represents a significant advancement in the application of AI in life sciences, showcasing the potential for deep learning to address biological challenges [24]. Group 6: Aging Interventions - Research teams have created a "protein scale" to quantify organ aging and identified key mechanisms driving aging, including the role of betaine as a "exercise mimetic" that slows multi-organ aging [26]. - The study also developed engineered anti-aging stem cells that can provide systemic protection against inflammation, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in aging research [26]. Group 7: Insect Pheromone Research - A comprehensive analysis of locust aggregation pheromones has been conducted, leading to the development of specific inhibitors that can effectively control locust behavior [19]. - This research provides a foundational understanding for developing precise pest control strategies, marking a significant achievement in the field of entomology [19]. Group 8: Deep-Sea Evolutionary Mechanisms - A collaborative study has decoded the evolutionary processes of deep-sea animals, revealing how they adapt to extreme environments and providing insights into biodiversity [34]. - The findings challenge previous notions about deep-sea evolution, highlighting it as a site of innovation rather than a terminus for life [34].

Core Viewpoint - The China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Life Sciences Society Consortium is conducting the 2025 "Top Ten Advances in Chinese Life Sciences" selection, emphasizing principles of fairness, justice, and openness [1] Group 1: Selection Process - The selection process involves recommendations from member societies and evaluations by 88 senior experts in fields such as basic life sciences, biotechnology, and clinical medicine [1] - A review committee composed of the consortium's presidium conducts a meeting review to finalize the selected projects [1] Group 2: Selected Projects - The selected projects for 2025 exhibit strong innovation and broad coverage, including: - Discovery of molecules and mechanisms promoting health and longevity through calorie restriction [2] - New approaches for treating central nervous system diseases by promoting the regeneration of new neurons [2] - Innovative breeding strategies for plant resilience driven by epigenetic variations [2] - Breakthroughs in chromosome-level precision editing in plants and animals driven by AI [2] - Exploration of genetic mechanisms in deep-sea animal evolution and adaptation to extreme environments [2] - All selected research projects focus on cutting-edge life sciences and address significant health issues [2] Group 3: Historical Context and Impact - The annual selection of "Top Ten Advances in Chinese Life Sciences" has been conducted since 2015, aimed at promoting research and technological innovation in life sciences [3] - The initiative has been ongoing for 11 years, showcasing major scientific achievements in the field [3] - Following the announcement of results, experts from selected projects are invited to write and publish popular science books and hold outreach events to educate the public about new discoveries in life sciences [3]