Core Viewpoint - Breakthroughs in diagnostics could trigger significant chain reactions to curb the broader threat of antimicrobial resistance [1][4] Group 1: Progress and Challenges - The UK Antimicrobial Resistance Review Committee's 29 specific recommendations have seen minimal implementation since their release nearly nine years ago [1] - While some progress has been made in funding new antibiotic development through push incentives, there has been little advancement in implementing pull incentives for pharmaceutical companies [1][2] - A notable victory in reducing demand for antimicrobial drugs has been observed in agriculture, influenced by consumer preferences for antibiotic-free food [1] Group 2: Importance of Diagnostic Technologies - Affordable rapid diagnostic technologies are crucial for ensuring correct patient treatment and avoiding unnecessary use of antimicrobial drugs [2] - Despite advancements in technologies like artificial intelligence, progress in diagnostics remains limited due to high costs compared to simply prescribing antibiotics [2] - The market fails to capture the positive externalities of correct diagnostic use, leading to high drug prices that many cannot afford [2] Group 3: Legislative and Global Initiatives - Developed countries should legislate against prescribing antimicrobial drugs without rapid diagnostic methods, while global stakeholders should create stronger incentives for developing such tests in low- and middle-income countries [3] - The success of the Gavi model in promoting vaccines in developing countries serves as a potential framework for similar initiatives in diagnostics [3] Group 4: Impact on Neonatal Health - The lack of diagnostic tools contributes to significant mortality rates in newborns, with estimates of 400,000 to 700,000 deaths annually due to sepsis [3] - The widespread use of diagnostic tests could save 100,000 newborn lives each year and reduce antibiotic usage in this demographic by 20% [3]