联合国环境规划署11日发布报告，预计到2050年全球制冷需求达到现在的三倍多，会进一步加剧全球变 暖趋势和电网负担。为此，环境规划署呼吁采取更可持续的制冷方案，如改进建筑设计、改善通风等。 环境规划署建议采用"可持续制冷途径"，重点关注被动制冷技术、低能耗以及将风扇和空调结合使用的 混合制冷方式等。据估算，若这些制冷方式得以广泛采用，到2050年，与制冷相关的温室气体排放量将 较预期水平减少64%，30亿人可免受愈演愈烈的高温天气影响，能源成本可节省17万亿美元，同时避免 高达26万亿美元的电网投资。如果全球电力行业实现快速脱碳，与制冷相关的温室气体排放量还可能进 一步下降。 据法新社报道，环境规划署尤其推荐被动制冷方案，比如优化墙壁和屋顶设计、遮阳、改善通风等。这 些策略有助将室内温度降低0.5摄氏度到8摄氏度。 "随着致命的热浪越来越频繁且极端，制冷设施必须被视为不可或缺的基础设施，与水、能源和卫生设 施一样。"联合国环境规划署执行主任英厄·安诺生说，"但我们不能靠空调来摆脱高温危机，这会助推 温室气体排放，增加成本。被动、节能和基于自然的解决方案可以帮助满足日益增长的制冷需求，在我 们追求全球气候目标的 ...

Group 1 - Japan is facing a challenging task of balancing economic and security interests while negotiating tariffs with the Trump administration [1] - In April, Trump imposed a 24% tariff on most goods produced in Japan, which was later reduced to 10% for a 90-day period [1] - The manufacturing output in Japan has declined by 1.1% due to the tariffs imposed on imports of automobiles, steel, and aluminum [1] Group 2 - Japan is being pressured to invest in U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, including the $44 billion Alaska LNG project, which has faced delays for 60 years [1][2] - The development cost of the Alaska LNG project is expected to be twice that of traditional LNG projects, raising concerns about its economic feasibility among potential buyers [2] - Investing in high-cost LNG contracts could compromise Japan's energy independence and hinder investments in cheaper, more reliable renewable energy sources [2] Group 3 - The construction of new LNG projects, including the Alaska project, is incompatible with global climate goals, with emissions equivalent to 949 years of current carbon emissions from Alaska [2] - Local communities near LNG projects face severe health impacts, including increased rates of cancer and respiratory diseases, due to investments made by Japanese government and corporate investors [2]