发表于最新一期《新兴传染病》杂志的一项研究发出预警：两种悄然传播的动物源病毒——D型流 感病毒与犬冠状病毒，正悄然逼近人类社会，其潜在威胁不容忽视。若监测与防控持续滞后，它们极有 可能引发新一轮疫情。 2021年，佛罗里达大学团队从一名曾赴海地的医疗人员体内分离出一种新型犬冠状病毒株，命名为 HuCCoV_Z19Haiti，患者仅出现轻度发热与不适。几乎同时，美国得克萨斯大学医学院报告了另一毒株 CCoV-HuPn-2018，源自马来西亚一名住院儿童。两者基因序列高度相似。 此后，CCoV-HuPn-2018毒株陆续在泰国、越南及美国阿肯色州的呼吸道疾病患者中被发现，提示 此类病毒已跨越地域限制，在全球多地悄然传播。 研究系统回顾了现有文献发现，D型流感病毒自2011年被发现以来，主要感染猪、牛等家畜，也已 在禽类、鹿、长颈鹿乃至袋鼠等野生动物中检出。有证据表明，该病毒可能导致牛群呼吸道疾病，每年 给美国养牛业造成约10亿美元经济损失。 值得关注的是，团队在科罗拉多州和佛罗里达州的养牛工人中检测到高达97%的D型流感病毒抗体 阳性率，说明他们曾接触过该病毒。虽然目前尚无严重病症报告，感染者多为无症状或亚临床状 ...

Core Insights - The disappearance of vultures in India is leading to an ecological crisis, with stray dogs rapidly proliferating and taking over the vultures' role as scavengers, resulting in a surge in rabies cases [1][3] Group 1: Vulture Population Decline - Vultures have disappeared from 72% of their historical nesting sites in India, with Central and Rajasthan states housing nearly two-thirds of the remaining nests, over 60% of which are located in protected areas [3] - From 1992 to 2007, the population of three vulture species—Long-billed, Indian, and White-backed vultures—plummeted from approximately 4 million to 32,000, a decline exceeding 99% [3] - During the same period, India saw an increase of about 5.5 million stray dogs and reported 38 million dog bite incidents, leading to over 47,000 rabies deaths [3] Group 2: Causes of Decline - The sharp decline in vulture populations is closely linked to the misuse of drugs in livestock, a chain reaction triggered by human activities that took a decade to confirm [3] - A study led by veterinary pathologist J. Lindsay Oaks found that 85% of deceased vultures suffered from visceral gout, a condition typically occurring in birds with kidney failure, with diclofenac identified as the primary cause of renal failure deaths among vultures [3] Group 3: Remedial Measures - The Indian government is implementing various remedial measures, including banning certain harmful chemicals used in livestock farming and establishing more comprehensive bird protection programs [4] - Environmentalists have set up "vulture restaurants" that provide safe food sources for vultures, such as cow carcasses [4] - The situation has escalated beyond a biodiversity crisis to a public health crisis directly caused by human activities, raising alarms for human survival and development [4]