【讲武堂】 作者：东升利（国防大学联合作战学院） "孩子马上满18周岁了，可以通过全国征兵网进行兵役登记……""根据兵役登记新规定新要求，现将兵役登记 的填报方法整理如下……"新年伊始，各地兵役机关通过走访摸底、宣传动员等方式，陆续组织本行政区域内 年满18周岁的男性青年进行初次兵役登记。全国首次通过征兵网统一制发的电子兵役登记证，已有不少青年 成功申领。 国无防不立，民无兵不安。兵役登记，是指根据国家法律规定，由兵役机关对适龄公民进行注册管理，依法 确定其服兵役义务和能力的一项基础性工作。新颁布的《兵役登记工作规定》（以下简称《规定》）于2026 年1月1日起正式施行。《规定》的发布施行，不仅是对新时代国家安全需求和治理能力挑战的主动回应，更 是全面落实"加快国防动员能力建设"战略要求的有力举措。 我国兵役制度的历史沿革 兵役，是指公民根据国家法律规定，在军队中服役或承担其他与军事相关的义务。兵役制度，是指国家为组 织和管理公民履行兵役义务而建立的一整套法律、政策和规则的体系，是确保兵役得以公平、有效、有序履 行的根本保证，是确保军队兵员数额和质量的根本。我国兵役制度从古代的民军制发展到今天"以志愿兵役为 ...

(责编：杨光宇、胡永秋) 《兵役登记工作规定》的发布施行，是兵役制度改革的重要成果，对做好兵员征集等工作具有重要意 义。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年12月16日 02 版） 新华社北京12月15日电 经国务院、中央军委同意，国务院办公厅、中央军委办公厅日前印发《兵役登 记工作规定》，自2026年1月1日起施行。 《兵役登记工作规定》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平强军思想， 着眼推动《中华人民共和国兵役法》落地运行，着力构建程序规范、责权明晰、便捷高效的新时代兵役 登记制度机制，对初次兵役登记和预备役登记的对象、时机、内容、方法和有关要求等进行细化明确， 为有效保证公民依法履行兵役义务、有序规范兵役登记工作开展提供有力支撑。 ...

《兵役登记工作规定》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平强军思 想，着眼推动《中华人民共和国兵役法》落地运行，着力构建程序规范、责权明晰、便捷高效的新时代 兵役登记制度机制，对初次兵役登记和预备役登记的对象、时机、内容、方法和有关要求等进行细化明 确，为有效保证公民依法履行兵役义务、有序规范兵役登记工作开展提供有力支撑。 新华社北京12月15日电 经国务院、中央军委同意，国务院办公厅、中央军委办公厅日前印发《兵 役登记工作规定》，自2026年1月1日起施行。 《兵役登记工作规定》的发布施行，是兵役制度改革的重要成果，对做好兵员征集等工作具有重要 意义。 ...

《兵役登记工作规定》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平强军思想， 着眼推动《中华人民共和国兵役法》落地运行，着力构建程序规范、责权明晰、便捷高效的新时代兵役 登记制度机制，对初次兵役登记和预备役登记的对象、时机、内容、方法和有关要求等进行细化明确， 为有效保证公民依法履行兵役义务、有序规范兵役登记工作开展提供有力支撑。 《兵役登记工作规定》的发布施行，是兵役制度改革的重要成果，对做好兵员征集等工作具有重要意 义。 新华社北京12月15日电 经国务院、中央军委同意，国务院办公厅、中央军委办公厅日前印发《兵役登 记工作规定》，自2026年1月1日起施行。 ...

Core Points - The German Bundestag passed the "Modernization of Military Service Law" with a vote of 323 in favor, 272 against, and 1 abstention, aimed at increasing the attractiveness of military service and significantly expanding the Bundeswehr to address current security challenges [1] - The current active personnel in the Bundeswehr is approximately 183,000, with plans to expand total military personnel, including reserves, to about 460,000 by 2035 [1] - Starting in 2026, mandatory nationwide military service health checks will be implemented for all males born after January 1, 2008, and questionnaires will be distributed to assess service motivation and adaptability for all individuals aged 18 and over [1] - The government plans to enhance benefits and salaries to attract voluntary military service, and if voluntary enlistment numbers are insufficient, the Bundestag may decide to implement a "demand-based conscription system" [1] - The German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius emphasized that this reform is a crucial step in enhancing Germany's national defense capabilities, and if voluntary numbers are inadequate, some form of compulsory military service will be unavoidable [1] Legislative Process - The law still requires approval from the German Federal Senate and is expected to be implemented starting January 2026 [2]

Core Viewpoint - The German government has reached a reform plan for the military service system aimed at strengthening defense capabilities, but there is growing resistance among young people towards the reinstatement of mandatory military service [1] Group 1: Military Service Reform - The new military service system will retain the right to refuse service, but young people remain resistant to the idea of mandatory service [1] - Concerns among young people and their families include the ability to refuse service, alternative duties available, and implications during a state of defense [1] - The reform aims to increase the active military personnel from approximately 180,000 to 260,000 and add an additional 200,000 reserve personnel by 2035 [1] Group 2: Incentives and Implementation - The initial phase of the reform will focus on voluntary enlistment, with increased incentives for recruits, including a starting salary of €2,600 per month [1] - If the target number of recruits is not met, the government may resort to compulsory conscription if necessary [1]

Core Viewpoint - Germany's Bundestag has initiated the formal review of a new draft of the Military Service Act, marking the first attempt to rebuild a national conscription system since the suspension of mandatory military service in 2011. The debate surrounding the draft highlights significant divisions within the ruling coalition regarding conscription models and societal acceptance [1]. Group 1: Legislative Developments - The draft does not include mandatory provisions, but the coalition parties are advocating for a "lottery conscription" system to ensure troop numbers if voluntary enlistment falls short. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) strongly opposes this, indicating a major rift in security policy within the ruling coalition [1]. - The parliamentary debate focuses on the fairness and societal acceptance of the lottery system. Proponents argue that Germany must ensure defense stability amid a complex European security environment, while opponents warn that this could exacerbate social discontent and undermine government credibility [1]. Group 2: Public Opinion and Political Reactions - Multiple polls indicate that a majority of young people oppose mandatory military service, fearing forced participation in conflicts. President Frank-Walter Steinmeier has publicly expressed skepticism, emphasizing that young people's futures should not be determined by a lottery system [1]. - Former Bundestag member Sevim Dagdelen advocates for investing in education rather than military expansion, attributing the push for increased military capacity to NATO demands, particularly from the United States [3]. Group 3: Strategic Military Goals - The military reform in Germany is viewed as a response to changes in the European security landscape and defense burden-sharing mechanisms. Balancing defense needs with societal willingness will directly impact Germany's role in the European security structure [5]. - German Chancellor Merz has called for enhancing Europe's military strength, stating that efforts will be made to transform the German armed forces into the strongest conventional army within the EU over the coming years [7].