Core Insights - The article highlights the stark contrast between the agricultural systems in Europe and China, focusing on the generational crisis in European farming and China's robust agricultural policies that ensure food security and land preservation [1][19]. Group 1: European Agricultural Challenges - Over one-third of farm managers in the EU are over 65 years old, with less than 12% under 40, indicating a significant aging issue in the farming workforce [4]. - The high cost of land in the EU, averaging around €12,000 per hectare, and soaring to €90,000 in the Netherlands, poses a barrier for young farmers [4]. - Economic pressures and policy uncertainties contribute to a vicious cycle in rural areas, leading to land consolidation by large farms and reliance on food imports [7]. Group 2: EU Policy Responses - The EU's agricultural value chain generated €900 billion in added value in 2022, supporting 30 million jobs, but is now facing a structural crisis due to the lack of new entrants [7]. - The upcoming "Agricultural Intergenerational Renewal Strategy" aims to increase the proportion of farmers under 40 to 25% by 2040 and proposes a doubling of funds for intergenerational renewal [9]. - Concerns exist regarding the non-binding nature of the proposed funding increase, with fears that some governments may reduce their contributions [9][11]. Group 3: Comparison with China's Agricultural Policies - China has established a comprehensive system for land protection, with over 100 million acres of high-standard farmland built by the end of 2023, ensuring a stable agricultural foundation [11][13]. - The Chinese government employs economic incentives linked to land protection, rewarding provinces that exceed targets and penalizing those that fall short, thus motivating local authorities to safeguard farmland [11][13]. - Unlike Europe, where young farmers face significant financial barriers, China offers subsidies and specialized loans to lower entry thresholds for new farmers [13]. Group 4: Systemic Differences - The differences in agricultural development between Europe and China stem from systemic design rather than natural conditions, with China's policies effectively linking land protection to farmer profitability [15][19]. - European agricultural technology is advanced, but fragmented policies hinder the conversion of this technological advantage into attractive opportunities for new farmers [15]. - The article concludes that agricultural intergenerational transfer requires a cohesive approach involving land, funding, and policy, as demonstrated by China's successful practices [19].