Core Viewpoint - Agricultural product quality safety is the first line of defense for food safety, with agricultural product inspection laboratories being the core battleground to safeguard this line [2][3]. Group 1: Importance of Inspection Laboratories - Agricultural product inspection laboratories are essential for accurately controlling key indicators such as composition, harmful substance residues, and physicochemical properties [2][3]. Group 2: Common Instruments and Their Uses - pH Meter: Measures pH value [4] - Conductivity Meter: Measures the conductivity of electrolyte solutions [4] - Liquid Chromatograph: Qualitative and quantitative analysis [4] - Gas Chromatograph: Qualitative and quantitative analysis [4] - Automatic Potentiometric Titrator: Acid-base, redox, precipitation, and complex titrations [4] - UV-Visible Spectrophotometer: Measures the absorption of substances at different wavelengths for quantitative analysis [4] - Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer: Quantitative analysis based on the absorption of characteristic radiation by ground state atoms [4] - Karl Fischer Moisture Meter: Measures moisture content [4] - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer: Qualitative and quantitative analysis [4] - Colorimeter: Measures the color of agricultural products [4] Group 3: Additional Instruments - Ion Chromatograph: Qualitative analysis [5] - Fluorescence Spectrophotometer: Measurement of elements that easily form hydrides or gaseous components [5] - Refractometer: Measures refractive index [5] - Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analyzer: Measures nitrogen content in proteins [5] - Mycotoxin Testing Instruments: Measures aflatoxin content [6] - Sulfur Dioxide Testing Instruments: Measures sulfur dioxide concentration [6] - Fiber Analyzer: Measures fiber content [6] - Fat Analyzer: Measures fat content [6] Group 4: Comprehensive Detection System - The instruments cover basic physicochemical indicators (e.g., pH, moisture, sugar content), critical safety indicators (e.g., pesticide residues, aflatoxins, heavy metals), and nutritional components (e.g., amino acids, fats, fibers), creating a comprehensive detection system [6].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the comprehensive efforts made by the provincial agricultural and rural department to enhance the quality and safety of agricultural products through a three-year action plan focused on building county-level testing institutions [1][2] - Since 2022, the province has supported the construction or expansion of laboratories in 8 municipal and 18 county-level institutions, resulting in the establishment of 48 quality inspection institutions across the province [1] - The total area of laboratories has reached 15,700 square meters, with a total equipment value of 106 million yuan, covering eight categories of highland specialty products [1] Group 2 - A dual certification mechanism (CMA and CATL) has been established to enhance testing capabilities, with 18 new institutions achieving this certification, leading to a ninefold increase in the total number of certified institutions [2] - The detection capabilities have significantly improved, covering six major risk factors, and the detection rate of high-risk agricultural products has increased by 25 percentage points [2] - A tiered training system has been implemented to address the weak technical capacity at the grassroots level, resulting in the selection of 43 technical backbones and a 70% improvement in detection parameters for supported institutions [2]