《金融时报》记者：随着净息差持续收窄，农村金融服务领域的竞争日趋白热化。您认为"十五 五"时期，如何构建良好的农村金融服务生态，以更好地满足乡村振兴战略需求？ 何广文：从总体的不良和净利差比较来看，2024年开始，商业银行总体净利差已经低于不良水平。 一方面，金融机构要着力调整"卷利率""卷服务"的竞争模式，按照乡村振兴综合发展项目设计配套金融 服务。乡村振兴金融服务并不仅仅是通过"卷利率""卷服务"来满足农户和新型农业经营主体的信贷需 求，更多涉及乡村综合项目开发的服务问题，特别是大型银行要在其中发挥主导作用。另一方面，要从 市场结构层面考虑大小银行在乡村振兴金融服务中的角色分层，对各类涉农金融机构的业务边界进行适 当引导和规范，构建分工协作的农村金融体系，防范过度竞争和县域客户"掐尖"，落实农村普惠金融责 任。 近日发布的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出"加快农业农 村现代化，扎实推进乡村全面振兴"。乡村全面振兴离不开金融的有力支持。为提升乡村振兴金融服务 质效，每年中央一号文件都围绕农村金融提出指导意见并且不断强化，政策支持有力、金融供给总量充 分。可以认为，由大中小银行 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of building a strong agricultural nation as a foundation for China's modernization and the role of insurance in supporting rural revitalization and agricultural development [1][2]. Group 1: Importance of Insurance in Rural Revitalization - Insurance serves as a fundamental tool for risk management, providing economic compensation, financial intermediation, and social governance, which are crucial for addressing the high risks associated with agriculture [2][3]. - Since the implementation of agricultural insurance premium subsidy policies, agricultural insurance premiums in China have surged from 846 million to 121.9 billion, with an annual growth rate of 36.3%, making it one of the largest agricultural insurance markets globally [2][3]. - The risk coverage provided by agricultural insurance has increased from 73.3 billion to 5.5 trillion, with an annual growth rate of 30.9% [2][3]. Group 2: Contributions to Agricultural Stability and Income - Agricultural insurance has significantly contributed to food security and industrial revitalization, with over 80% coverage of major crops and increasing compensation for major disasters, thus providing strong support for post-disaster recovery [3][4]. - The expansion and enhancement of agricultural insurance have stabilized and increased farmers' incomes, making it a vital component of agricultural support policies [3][4]. - The establishment of over 400,000 agricultural insurance service points nationwide has improved access to financial services for rural areas, promoting inclusive finance [3][4]. Group 3: Support for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Governance - The insurance industry has provided 3.5 trillion in guarantees to 230 million registered poor households over the past eight years, helping to prevent poverty due to disasters and illnesses [3][4]. - In 2022, agricultural insurance coverage in poverty-stricken areas reached 1.46 trillion, with claims paid amounting to 20.4 billion, effectively consolidating poverty alleviation achievements [3][4]. - Various innovative insurance products have been introduced to enhance rural governance, including social security and food safety insurance [4]. Group 4: Innovation and Development in Agricultural Insurance - The company has been a pioneer in agricultural insurance for 37 years, focusing on enhancing service quality and expanding product offerings to meet the needs of rural revitalization [5][6]. - The company aims to increase the proportion of agricultural insurance business from 20% to 25%, with initiatives including launching 100 specialized agricultural insurance projects annually and investing 1 billion in rural revitalization [6][7]. - The introduction of over 2,700 agricultural insurance product clauses covering more than 220 agricultural products demonstrates the company's commitment to innovation [7][8]. Group 5: Technological Empowerment and Risk Management - The company is implementing a "Digital Agricultural Insurance" project, utilizing advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing and IoT to enhance service efficiency [8][9]. - A comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction mechanism has been established, with 140 million paid for disaster reduction services in 2022 [9][10]. - The company has developed innovative models like "Insurance Cloud Fish Pond" to provide integrated services for aquaculture, enhancing risk management capabilities [9][10]. Group 6: Financial Support and Poverty Alleviation - The company collaborates with the Ministry of Agriculture to promote "Agricultural Insurance + Credit" projects, providing over 300 million in credit support to insured farmers [10][11]. - Specialized insurance products aimed at poverty alleviation have been developed, providing nearly 5 trillion in risk protection to over 3 million marginally poor households [10][11]. - The company has implemented various financial service models to address the financing difficulties faced by farmers, ensuring effective support for rural development [10][11].

《实施方案》提出完善县乡村金融服务，其中具体提到提升县域金融服务水平，加强监测指导，鼓励开 发贴近当地需求的金融产品，支持中小企业特色产业集群，助力当地产业发展。完善丰富乡村金融服 务，巩固基础金融服务的覆盖面和保障能力，允许金融机构结合当地需求情况优化存量网点。加强农村 普惠金融服务点监管。 ■本报记者李美丽 普惠金融发展迎来新政策。 日前，国家金融监督管理总局、中国人民银行联合发布《银行业保险业普惠金融高质量发展实施方案》 （以下简称《实施方案》）。《实施方案》明确，未来五年基本建成高质量综合普惠金融体系，并提出 16条具体措施。 值得一提的是，《实施方案》对于农村普惠金融发展作出诸多制度安排，如完善县乡村金融服务、加 强"三农"领域信贷供给、加大脱贫地区信贷帮扶力度、推动农业保险持续"扩面、增品、提标"等。 完善县乡村金融服务 农村普惠金融是我国金融体系的重要组成部分，其发展直接关系到农村经济的稳定和可持续发展。受访 业内人士普遍认为，《实施方案》通过系统性部署，引导金融机构加大对农村地区的资源倾斜，确保资 金、服务更精准覆盖"三农"领域，为农村普惠金融发展提供了新机遇。 哈尔滨银行普惠金融部总经理宋述 ...