Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding how innovation drives economic growth [1][2] Group 1: Contributions of the Awardees - Mokyr's research emphasizes the interaction between technology, culture, and institutions, revealing how these elements influence sustained innovation [1][3] - Aghion and Howitt developed mathematical models that illustrate how innovation replaces outdated structures in a competitive environment, thereby promoting economic growth [1][3] - Their combined theoretical framework provides insights for policymakers on fostering an environment conducive to innovation [1][2] Group 2: Economic Context - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences highlights that the last two centuries have seen unprecedented continuous economic growth, lifting many out of poverty [1][2] - The research of the awardees serves as a reminder that economic growth relies not only on technological innovation but also on the supportive institutional and policy frameworks [2][3] Group 3: Prize Distribution and Background of Awardees - The total prize amount is 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 8.25 million RMB), with Mokyr receiving half and Aghion and Howitt sharing the other half [2] - Mokyr, born in 1946 in the Netherlands, has focused on the relationship between culture, ideas, and technological change during the Industrial Revolution [2][3] - Aghion, born in 1956 in France, and Howitt, born in 1946 in Canada, have contributed significantly to the understanding of market competition and innovation mechanisms through their collaborative research [3]