Core Viewpoint - The introduction of HPV vaccines into China's national immunization program is expected to lower market prices and improve accessibility, thereby enhancing women's health in China [1][5][6]. Group 1: National Immunization Program - China's National Health Commission announced the inclusion of HPV vaccination services for eligible girls in the national immunization program, marking the first expansion since 2008 [1]. - This move aligns with the WHO's strategy to accelerate the global elimination of cervical cancer, with over 140 countries already including HPV vaccines in their national programs [1][4]. - The inclusion of HPV vaccines in China's immunization program changes the previous situation of limited access and self-funded vaccinations [5]. Group 2: Global Context and Supply Issues - The global supply of HPV vaccines is currently insufficient, limiting the ability of some countries to expand their vaccination programs despite inclusion in national plans [2]. - Chinese-manufactured HPV vaccines, once pre-certified by WHO, are expected to improve supply and reduce costs, with Gavi promoting single-dose vaccination strategies to alleviate supply pressures [2][6]. Group 3: HPV Vaccine Efficacy and Global Disparities - HPV vaccines are one of the two vaccines that can completely prevent a type of cancer, with WHO recommending vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14 [4]. - Despite the vaccine's safety and efficacy, 85% of doses have been administered in high-income countries, while coverage in low- and middle-income countries remains below 10% [5]. - Cervical cancer continues to claim over 300,000 lives annually, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries, where high costs and limited supply hinder access to HPV vaccines [5]. Group 4: Lessons from Other Countries - Australia has successfully implemented a national HPV vaccination program since 2007, leading to a significant decrease in cervical cancer rates and aiming to eliminate the disease by 2035 [7]. - In contrast, Japan's hesitance due to concerns over adverse reactions led to a decline in vaccination rates and an increase in HPV infection rates [8][9]. - The experience of Japan highlights the importance of effective communication and management regarding vaccine safety to maintain public trust and vaccination coverage [9].