Core Insights - The "Xuelong 2" polar research icebreaker successfully returned to Shanghai, marking China's largest Arctic scientific expedition with 100 members from the 15th Arctic Scientific Expedition Team [1] - The expedition aimed to enhance understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its impacts, providing crucial support for addressing global climate change [1] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The Arctic expedition was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Deep Sea One," and "Exploration Three" [1] - Significant progress was made in multi-disciplinary investigations and observations in the Arctic, particularly in the Chukchi Sea, Canadian Basin, and central Arctic region [1] Group 2: Research Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Xuelong 2" and "Jidi" improved synchronous observation capabilities in the Arctic, filling data gaps in high-latitude marine areas [1] - Long-term real-time monitoring of ice drift and underwater hydrological and ecological changes supports the understanding of seasonal evolution and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [1] Group 3: Ecological Insights - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging observation systems at different depths and time scales provided comprehensive data on the ice edge zone [2] - The expedition captured significant occurrences of subsurface chlorophyll maxima, enhancing understanding of the Arctic "sea-snow" formation mechanisms and laying the groundwork for studying the ecological responses of the ice edge zone to sea ice retreat [2]