Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant increase in the number of doctoral students in China, highlighting a shift in educational strategy to meet the demands of innovation and technology development in the country [2][3][9]. Group 1: Doctoral Enrollment Trends - Shanghai Jiao Tong University is projected to enroll 5,000 doctoral students by 2026, surpassing the number of undergraduate students for the first time [2]. - The number of doctoral students in China has exploded, with Tsinghua University having 1.4 times more doctoral students than undergraduates, and the University of Science and Technology of China at 1.6 times [3]. - In 2024, China enrolled 171,100 doctoral students, an increase of 11.6% year-on-year, while master's and undergraduate enrollments grew by only 3.2% and 2.46%, respectively [4]. Group 2: Strategic Reasons for Expansion - The rapid increase in doctoral enrollment is a response to the shift from quantity to quality in economic growth, emphasizing the need for innovative talent amid global technological competition [9][10]. - The demand for doctoral talent is driven by national strategic projects, with over 80% of doctoral enrollments in science and engineering fields, reflecting a direct correlation with innovation needs [10][11]. Group 3: Challenges Faced by Doctoral Students - A survey indicated that Chinese doctoral students have the lowest satisfaction rates globally, with many working over 80 hours a week, leading to high levels of stress [12]. - The employment rate for doctoral graduates in Shaanxi Province was reported at 76.68%, lower than that of undergraduates, indicating challenges in job placement [12][13]. Group 4: Future Outlook and Policy Support - The Chinese government has recognized the importance of doctoral education, with recent policies aimed at expanding graduate education and increasing the proportion of doctoral students [13][14]. - The article draws parallels between the current doctoral expansion and past infrastructure investments, suggesting that successful integration of doctoral training with industry needs is crucial for future innovation [14].