Core Insights - The historical continuity is essential for understanding both ancient and modern China, as emphasized by Xi Jinping [1] - Marx and Engels argue that history is a continuous process shaped by the development of productive forces, cultural transmission, and social evolution [1][2] - The dialectical laws of historical development highlight that societal evolution follows objective rules beyond human will [2] Group 1 - Marx and Engels view the inheritance and development of productive forces as fundamental to human history [1][2] - The transmission of thought and culture plays a crucial role in historical development, as individuals create history under predetermined conditions inherited from the past [1] - Historical evolution is divided into stages, with each stage creating conditions for the next, emphasizing the interdependence of production modes [2] Group 2 - The Communist Party of China (CPC) integrates the transmission and development of Chinese civilization into its governance philosophy [3] - The CPC promotes the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese civilization, recognizing its historical significance [4] - Xi Jinping asserts that Chinese-style modernization is a continuation of ancient civilization rather than a negation of it, emphasizing the importance of historical context in modern development [4]