Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging semiconductor ecosystems in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, highlighting their strategic initiatives to reduce reliance on oil and foster high-tech industries as part of their long-term economic visions [2][34]. Egypt: Emerging Semiconductor Innovation and Design Hub - Egypt is developing one of the most vibrant semiconductor ecosystems in the MENA region, initiated nearly 20 years ago with the founding of Si-Ware Systems, the first fabless semiconductor company in Egypt [4][5]. - The Egyptian government launched the "Egypt Manufacturing Electronics" (EME) program in 2016, which has evolved into EME 2.0, laying the groundwork for the expansion of the electronics and semiconductor industry [5][6]. - Egypt aims to position itself as a regional center for electronic and semiconductor design, focusing on design and system integration rather than the high costs of building semiconductor fabs [6][9]. - Global tech giants have established design centers in Egypt, recognizing the strong talent pool, particularly in electronic engineering and embedded systems [9][10]. - The establishment of a regional office by the Global Semiconductor Alliance (GSA) in Cairo underscores Egypt's strategic importance in the semiconductor landscape [13]. Saudi Arabia: Building a Semiconductor Powerhouse - Saudi Arabia has committed to becoming a regional leader in semiconductor technology as part of its Vision 2030 economic transformation plan, positioning semiconductors as a key industry [14][16]. - The Saudi Semiconductor Program (SSP) was launched in March 2022 to enhance national chip design capabilities and localize semiconductor technology development and production [16][17]. - The National Semiconductor Center (NSH) is set to launch in 2024 with an initial investment of $266 million, aiming to attract at least 50 fabless semiconductor design companies by 2030 [16][17]. - The Alat project, backed by a $100 billion budget, aims to establish Saudi Arabia as a high-tech manufacturing hub, including semiconductor production [21]. - Saudi Arabia is focusing on talent development through partnerships with global universities and training programs to build local expertise in semiconductor design and manufacturing [22][23]. Oman: Cautious Entry into the Semiconductor Industry - Oman is exploring opportunities in the semiconductor industry as part of its Vision 2040 economic diversification goals, despite lacking local foundries and traditional design companies [25][26]. - The country is positioning itself as a base for outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing (OSAT) services, which require lower capital investment compared to front-end manufacturing [25][27]. - Oman has made strides by establishing a technology center with GS Microelectronics, marking a significant step in building its semiconductor design capabilities [26][27]. - The country is actively inviting international OSAT experts to invest in Oman, with projected investments ranging from $130 million to $140 million [27]. - Oman hosted the first Middle East International Semiconductor Executive Summit (ISES) in February 2023, enhancing its visibility in the semiconductor sector [29][30]. Conclusion - Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Oman are adopting distinct approaches to semiconductor development, leveraging their unique resources and priorities [34][35]. - Egypt focuses on its existing talent pool and historical strengths in chip design, while Saudi Arabia is building from the ground up with significant investments and infrastructure [34][35]. - Oman is taking a more collaborative approach, gradually developing its capabilities in OSAT while fostering international partnerships [34][35].