Group 1 - The collaboration between Liaoning Province and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has strengthened, focusing on major economic and social development needs in Liaoning [1][2] - The National Joint Fund has supported significant technological breakthroughs, resulting in 28 key technology challenges overcome, 76 authorized invention patents, and 50 major achievement transformations, generating an economic benefit of 4.18 billion yuan [1] - Liaoning Province has organized 143 National Joint Fund projects from 2020 to 2024, leading to the selection of over 20 individuals as national high-level talents and the training of more than 500 outstanding young scientific talents [2] Group 2 - In 2024, Liaoning Province was approved for 40 National Joint Fund projects with funding of 120 million yuan, achieving record highs in the number of new national youth science fund A and B project recipients [2] - The province has emphasized demand-oriented approaches, collecting and refining 222 major scientific issues that align with Liaoning's economic and social development needs [2][3] - The National Joint Fund has facilitated collaboration between local researchers and external research institutions, with 50% of the fund's undertaking units being from outside the province [3]