Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential dangers of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets, highlighting recent research that suggests such diets may accelerate aging and shorten lifespan, contrary to popular belief that they are effective for weight loss and health improvement [4][5][17]. Research Findings - A study published in the journal "NPJ Metabolic Health and Disease" indicates that while moderate protein intake can help delay aging, excessive protein consumption, particularly at the expense of carbohydrates, can trigger mechanisms that accelerate aging and significantly reduce lifespan [4][5]. - The research identifies a key mechanism: high protein intake leads to "gene-length-dependent transcriptional decline" (GLTD), impairing cellular repair functions and contributing to accelerated aging [5][11]. Experimental Design - The research utilized genetically modified mice (Ercc1Δ/-) that age faster than humans and are sensitive to dietary changes. Different groups were subjected to varying levels of protein intake to observe the effects on aging and lifespan [7][9]. - The experiments included a protein restriction study and a nutrient ratio adjustment study, with groups receiving standard diets and varying levels of protein, carbohydrates, and fats [8][12]. Key Results - The findings revealed a "U-shaped" relationship between protein intake and lifespan, indicating that both excessive and insufficient protein can negatively impact longevity. Specifically, a 50% reduction in protein intake led to a 19% increase in median lifespan for male mice, while excessive restriction (95%) resulted in a 12% decrease in lifespan [11][13]. - The study also found that high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets significantly reduced lifespan compared to other dietary patterns, with male mice experiencing an 18% reduction in median lifespan [14]. Mechanisms of Aging Acceleration - High-protein diets were shown to cause metabolic overload, impair antioxidant defenses, trigger chronic inflammation, and ultimately lead to organ damage, particularly affecting liver function [16][18]. - The research suggests that high protein intake activates pathways that accelerate cellular aging, indicating that such diets may not only fail to provide health benefits but could also be detrimental to long-term health [14][16].