Core Viewpoint - Elon Musk has announced the establishment of a new political party called the "American Party," aiming to participate in the upcoming midterm elections in the U.S. and secure minority seats in both the House and Senate [1] Historical Context of Third Parties in the U.S. - The U.S. has a long history of third parties, starting with the Anti-Masonic Party in 1831, which was the first third party in American politics [1][3] - The Anti-Masonic Party held its first national presidential candidate nomination convention in 1831, where William Wirt was nominated for the 1832 presidential election, receiving 8% of the popular vote in Vermont [3][4] - The Anti-Masonic Party lasted about ten years and influenced American politics by promoting anti-Masonic sentiments and establishing the practice of national conventions for presidential nominations [4] Emergence and Decline of Other Third Parties - Following the Anti-Masonic Party, other third parties emerged, such as the Know Nothing Party and the People's Party, with the Know Nothing Party gaining significant traction in the 1854 elections [5][6] - The People's Party, founded in 1891, opposed monopolies in banking and railroads and garnered over 1 million votes in the 1892 elections, but eventually declined after aligning with the Democratic Party in 1896 [6][7] Modern Third Parties - Contemporary third parties include the Independent Party, Reform Party, and Green Party, with the Reform Party being established by billionaire Ross Perot in 1995 after his independent presidential run in 1992 [8][9] - The Reform Party's influence has diminished in the 21st century, similar to other third parties that have historically struggled to maintain a lasting presence in U.S. politics [9]

2019年3月20日，纽约市，塔玛拉・拉尼尔在宣布起诉哈佛大学的新闻发布会上回答提问。拉尼尔指控哈佛大学 非法扣押、占有其曾曾曾祖父（一名叫伦蒂的非洲男性奴隶）及其女儿迪莉娅的照片，并利用这些照片牟利。图 片来源：Kevin Hagen—Getty Images 哈佛大学将向南卡州非裔美国历史主题博物馆移交一批175年前的照片，这些照片被认为是最早拍摄的 奴隶影像。哈佛此举是为了履行与照片中人物的后代所达成的和解协议。 拉尼尔的律师上周三表示，据塔玛拉・拉尼尔指认，照片中的人物为其称之为 "帕帕・伦蒂"的曾曾曾 祖父伦蒂和他的女儿迪莉娅。这些照片将从皮博迪考古与民族学博物馆（Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology）移交至南卡州的国际非洲裔美国人博物馆（International African American Museum in South Carolina）。这对父女正是1850年照片拍摄之时在南卡州被奴役。 这场和解为拉尼尔与这所美国顶尖大学之间长达15年的斗争画上了句号，原因是她要求后者公布这 些"银版照片"（现代照片的前身）。拉尼尔的律师约书亚・科斯科 ...