Core Viewpoint - The Guangdong Provincial Land Resources Surveying and Mapping Institute has innovatively utilized GDCORS (Guangdong Satellite Navigation Positioning Reference Service System) data to establish a comprehensive monitoring system for typhoon-related water vapor, providing scientific support for geological disaster prevention and mitigation. Group 1: Technology and Methodology - The ground-based GNSS water vapor inversion technology captures atmospheric refractive delay signals to accurately analyze Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) [1][4] - This technology allows for minute-level updates of water vapor transport paths during typhoon events, significantly enhancing disaster warning capabilities [1][4] - The GDCORS network consists of 575 stations with an average spacing of approximately 26 kilometers, covering the entire province and facilitating data sharing with neighboring provinces [5][12] Group 2: Findings and Analysis - The study revealed a significant negative correlation (-0.86) between water vapor changes at GDCORS stations and the distance to the typhoon center, indicating a direct dynamic relationship [2][9] - Water vapor changes exhibit a three-phase pattern in relation to typhoon proximity: rapid increase, high-value oscillation, and quick decline [2][9] - The spatial and temporal changes in water vapor are highly coupled with rainfall processes, providing new technical means for short-term forecasting and regional precipitation warnings [2][9] Group 3: Impact of Geography - Topography significantly influences water vapor transport and extreme precipitation during typhoons, with mountain barriers affecting the distribution of rainfall [3][10] - The study highlighted that the presence of mountains can enhance convective activity on the windward side, leading to significant water vapor accumulation and precipitation before reaching the leeward side [3][10] Group 4: Application and Future Directions - The GNSS water vapor inversion technology has become a core tool for meteorological monitoring, disaster warning, and climate research, directly applied in provincial disaster management strategies [4][11] - Future research will focus on enhancing the ground precipitation observation system, improving the compatibility of GNSS networks, and integrating artificial intelligence for better anomaly detection and prediction capabilities [6][12]

项目还蕴含了多个创新点。一方面，汇聚、融合了实景三维地理空间数据、物联感知数据、流域基 础数据、业务管理数据和跨行业共享数据等体量庞大、结构复杂的多源数据，流域数据底板更加完整精 准。另一方面，打破了国外洪涝商业模型的束缚，通过自主研发河道洪涝预报模型，实现了洪水演进的 仿真预演，为防洪调度和决策提供了科学依据。 "大家可以把它想象成河流的'数字分身'。"项目承建单位、沈阳市勘察测绘研究院有限公司项目负 责人薄成解释，"我们前期利用无人机、无人船等工具，对秀水河流域的真实地貌、河道、周边环境进 行全方位扫描，采集到海量三维实景数据，并用数字技术手段把整条河流的'样貌'精准地'搬'到电脑 里，搭建起一条和真实秀水河流域'一模一样'的数字河流。" 目前，"数字分身"已实现流域洪水预报、预警、预演和预案的"四预"功能，在两处防洪关键点位， 还增设了视频监控等物联网感知设备两台套，实现河道水位实时监测。工作人员在平台操作端可以全面 掌握流域运行情况，并可以在三维场景中实现洪水演进仿真预演，对风险事件及时预警并匹配相应的防 洪预案，改变了靠人工经验的管理模式。 近日，自然资源部办公厅、国家数据局综合司发布2025年实景 ...