Core Insights - The China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) officially released 30 major scientific, engineering, and industrial technology issues for 2025 during the 27th CAST Annual Conference [1][2][3] Group 1: Major Scientific Issues - Ten frontier scientific issues were identified, including the nature and mass origin of the Higgs boson, the mechanism of macro-ecosystem spatial pattern formation, and the interaction regulation mechanism between human micro-ecology and the host [1][2] Group 2: Engineering Technology Challenges - Ten engineering technology challenges were outlined, such as the integration of design-simulation-manufacturing algorithms, deep-sea mining equipment, and new low-energy carbon capture technologies [1][2] Group 3: Industrial Technology Problems - Ten industrial technology problems were specified, including overcoming the import bottleneck of high-end equipment for large-scale seawater desalination projects and the development of intelligent autonomous systems for industry [2] Group 4: Strategic Planning and Future Trends - Since 2018, CAST has organized the collection and release of major scientific issues to guide future technological development trends and enhance China's strategic position in global technology competition [2][3]

Group 1 - The Chinese Association for Science and Technology has released significant scientific, engineering, and industrial technology issues for 2025 [1] - Ten frontier scientific issues include topics such as the topology and geometric classification of manifolds, the nature and mass origin of the Higgs particle, and the feasibility of using quasi-metals as substitutes for transition metals in precise synthesis and catalytic reactions [2] - Ten engineering technology challenges focus on integrated algorithms for complex model design, simulation, and manufacturing, as well as technologies for deep-sea mining equipment and environmental disturbance suppression [2] - Ten industrial technology issues address breakthroughs in high-end equipment for large-scale seawater desalination, improvements in the oxidation resistance of ultra-supercritical steam turbine blades, and the development of autonomous mining technologies for deep space resource exploration [2][3]