Group 1 - The increasing trend of school refusal among younger children highlights a growing concern in the educational and psychological landscape [1][2] - School refusal is often misinterpreted as laziness or rebellion, but it reflects deeper psychological struggles and family dynamics [1][2] - Understanding the underlying causes of school refusal is essential for effective intervention and support [1][9] Group 2 - Five core reasons for school refusal include: 1. Overwhelming pressure from academic demands, peer competition, and parental expectations leading to avoidance behavior [2] 2. A lack of belonging, where negative social experiences transform school from a supportive environment to a source of stress [3] 3. A collapse of self-efficacy, where repeated academic failures lead to a belief in one's inability to succeed [4] 4. A loss of meaning in education when external goals overshadow personal interests [5] 5. Hidden expressions of psychological trauma or disorders, such as anxiety or ADHD, manifesting as school refusal [7][6] Group 3 - Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to school refusal due to ongoing brain development, especially in areas responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control [8] - The immaturity of the prefrontal cortex makes it difficult for adolescents to manage stress rationally, often resulting in impulsive avoidance behaviors [8] - Increased pressure from parents can exacerbate the situation, leading to stronger resistance and emotional turmoil in children [8]