数据显示，有29%以上的患者存在三高中两项及以上危险因素并存的现象，导致严重心血管事件的 发生风险成倍增加。长期高血糖也会损伤血管与神经，目前临床上糖尿病患者面临的最大问题是心肾并 发症，超过三分之一的2型糖尿病患者伴有心血管疾病，而糖尿病肾病已成为慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病 的主要原因。 当前，中国因心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病等慢性非传染性疾病所导致的死亡占总死亡人 数的大多数。 "三高均是动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的高危因素，及早进行三高的综合管理、稳定斑块，能够有效降 低心血管事件的发生。"中国科学院院士、复旦大学附属中山医院心内科主任葛均波教授29日接受采访 时指出，"心血管疾病作为民众健康的'头号杀手'，往往与高血脂、高血压、高血糖紧密交织。" "三高患者也是心衰的高危人群，慢性心衰是心血管疾病的主要死因，因此更需要三高共管、三慢 共防，建立起有效的慢病共同管理意识和模式，提升患者的整体健康状况。一旦患者进展到了心衰，医 生需要严格遵循指南及早进行规范管理，以此减少再住院和死亡率。"刚出席2025中国医药城大健康产 业论坛暨"三高共管、三慢共防"专场的葛均波院士坦言。 此外，慢性心力衰竭与慢阻肺病由于 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) during the heating season, emphasizing the importance of awareness and early diagnosis of this "silent killer" [1][2]. Group 1: Disease Overview - COPD is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, and sputum production, resulting from airway abnormalities or lung damage leading to persistent airflow obstruction [2]. - High-risk factors for COPD include long-term smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, occupational dust, and the use of biomass fuels for heating or cooking in poorly ventilated areas [2]. Group 2: Diagnosis and Monitoring - Lung function tests are the gold standard for diagnosing COPD, as early-stage patients may not exhibit significant discomfort, and simple chest X-rays are often insufficient [3]. - Regular lung function tests are crucial for monitoring disease progression and treatment response, with recommendations for annual checks for mild to moderate cases and biannual checks for severe cases [4]. Group 3: Treatment Approaches - Treatment primarily involves medication and, in some cases, surgery, with inhalation therapy being the most basic treatment method [4]. - The use of bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids is emphasized, with a focus on the importance of adherence to medication even when symptoms are not present [6]. Group 4: Comorbidities and Management - There is a significant overlap between COPD and cardiovascular diseases, with 50% of COPD patients also suffering from heart conditions [5]. - Integrated management approaches, such as joint clinics for heart and lung health, are being established to provide comprehensive care for patients [6]. Group 5: Common Misconceptions - Misconceptions about COPD include the belief that medication is unnecessary when symptoms are absent, that patients should avoid exercise, and that inhaled corticosteroids should be avoided due to fear of side effects [6].