冬季呼吸道疾病高发，大家对鼻塞症状更是司空见惯。很多人被反复鼻塞困扰、乱服感冒药，症状不见 好反而延误了鼻窦炎的治疗。鼻窦炎不及时治疗，可能发展为慢性鼻窦炎、中耳炎，甚至引发颅内感 染，但早识别、早干预，通过规范治疗和居家护理，绝大多数都能痊愈。 感冒引起的鼻塞和鼻窦炎如何区分？北京大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科主任医师王旻提醒：这两种病 症状很像，但病理和治疗方案完全不同，5分钟教你精准识别。 冬季感冒 更易引发鼻窦炎 冬季气温低、空气干，鼻腔黏膜抵抗力下降，病毒容易入侵引发感冒。加之感冒后鼻腔黏膜充血水肿， 堵塞鼻窦和鼻腔的通道，鼻窦里的分泌物排不出去，细菌滋生就会发炎。此外，冬季雾霾、粉尘多，持 续刺激鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜，加重炎症，形成"越堵越感染"的循环。 普通感冒和鼻窦炎的核心区别在"病变部位"和"病程"：感冒是鼻腔黏膜急性病毒感染，鼻窦炎是鼻腔周 围骨性空腔（鼻窦）的炎症，常由感冒没控制好发展而来。7天是关键分水岭，记住两个判断点： 持续超7天 鼻塞、流涕等症状超过7天没好转，甚至加重，大概率是鼻窦炎。 好转后又加重 感冒3至5天症状缓解，6至7天突然变重，比如鼻塞加剧、鼻涕从清涕变成黄绿色脓涕、 开始 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of correctly selecting traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating colds, as improper use can delay recovery and increase the risk of adverse reactions [1]. Group 1: Types of Colds - Colds can be categorized based on the type of wind and other pathogens or the individual's constitution, including wind-cold, wind-heat, summer-damp, and deficiency colds [1]. - Wind-cold colds are characterized by symptoms such as severe chills, mild fever, and nasal congestion, typically treated with warming and dispersing methods [2]. - Wind-heat colds present with more severe fever and throat pain, requiring cooling and dispersing treatments [3]. - Summer-damp colds occur in warmer months, often due to dampness and cold exposure, with symptoms including headache and gastrointestinal discomfort [4]. - Deficiency colds are common in the elderly or those with weakened immune systems, presenting with fatigue and recurrent colds [6]. - Seasonal colds, akin to influenza, have acute onset and strong contagiousness, necessitating detoxifying treatments [7]. Group 2: Common TCM Treatments - For wind-cold colds, common TCM remedies include: - Ganmao Qingre Granules, which contain ingredients like Schizonepeta and mint, effective for symptoms like headache and nasal discharge [2]. - Zheng Chaihu Granules, which help alleviate fever and body aches [2]. - Tongxuan Liupai Pills, suitable for coughs associated with wind-cold [2]. - For wind-heat colds, treatments include: - Yin Qiao Jie Du Tablets, effective for fever and sore throat [3]. - Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, which addresses symptoms of fever and cough [3]. - Sangju Ganmao Tablets, suitable for initial symptoms of wind-heat colds [3]. - For summer-damp colds, common remedies are: - Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, which helps with symptoms like nausea and abdominal discomfort [5]. - Baoji Pills, effective for gastrointestinal symptoms associated with summer-damp colds [5]. - For deficiency colds, Yipingfeng Granules are commonly used to strengthen the immune system [6]. - For seasonal colds, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules are recommended for their detoxifying properties [7]. Group 3: Medication Considerations - Patients should choose appropriate dosage forms of TCM based on personal needs, such as granules for children or capsules for those sensitive to taste [8]. - It is crucial to avoid overlapping medications with similar ingredients to prevent adverse reactions [8]. - Special populations, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly, should use medications cautiously and under guidance [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the misconception that cold weather directly causes colds, emphasizing that colds are caused by viruses transmitted through droplets or contact, not by cold temperatures [1][2]. Group 1: Understanding Colds - Cold weather can make the respiratory mucosa more sensitive, leading to a higher susceptibility to viruses and bacteria [2]. - Colds are generally self-limiting, with a typical duration of about 7 days, although some cases may last up to 2 weeks [4]. - Complications from colds can range from mild upper respiratory discomfort to severe conditions like pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis [5]. Group 2: Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Attention - Symptoms such as persistent high fever (over 39°C) for more than 3 days, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or altered consciousness warrant immediate medical attention [8][9]. - If symptoms persist for over 10 days without improvement or worsen, medical advice should be sought, especially for vulnerable populations like children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses [10]. Group 3: Misconceptions and Treatment - Common misconceptions include the belief that excessive sweating can reduce fever and the misuse of antibiotics for viral infections, which are ineffective against colds [10][11]. - Traditional Chinese medicine should be used appropriately, as incorrect usage can exacerbate symptoms [11]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - Preventive measures include maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals [12][13]. - During cold seasons, wearing masks and ensuring proper ventilation indoors can help reduce the risk of infection [14].