Group 1 - The article discusses the psychological challenges faced by recent graduates as they transition from a structured educational environment to independence, highlighting feelings of anxiety and uncertainty [2][5][6] - It emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological dynamics of independence and dependence during this critical life stage, which is often marked by a struggle to find balance [7][8][12] - The article outlines three common post-graduation choices: continuing education, entering the job market, or opting for a more passive lifestyle, each reflecting different psychological motivations and coping mechanisms [17][24][29] Group 2 - The concept of "delayed separation" is introduced, where some graduates choose to pursue further studies as a way to avoid immediate societal pressures, which can be seen as a protective mechanism [18][20][23] - The article discusses the internal pressures faced by job seekers, including societal expectations and personal ideals, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy when faced with job market challenges [24][27][28] - It also addresses the phenomenon of "lying flat," where some graduates retreat from societal expectations, interpreting this choice as a form of self-protection amidst overwhelming stress [30][32][34] Group 3 - The article highlights the emotional process of mourning the ideal self that graduates may experience when their expectations do not align with reality, a concept referred to as "narcissistic mourning" [37][41][44] - It suggests that true independence involves maintaining healthy dependencies and developing the ability to navigate relationships without losing one's sense of self [47][55][57] - The final message emphasizes the importance of patience and understanding during this transitional phase, recognizing that each individual's journey is unique and requires time for adjustment [58][60]

Core Insights - The research highlights a significant shift in the marriage and fertility trends among urban youth in China, indicating a growing trend of late marriage and reluctance to marry [2][39][63] - The average ideal marriage age for youth in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou is now 31.5 years, aligning closely with countries known for low fertility rates [6][7] - The changing values surrounding marriage reflect a broader societal transformation, where marriage is increasingly viewed as a personal choice rather than a societal obligation [16][17] Group 1: Marriage Trends - The average age of first marriage has increased significantly since 2010, with nearly a 4-year rise for both genders [5][6] - The rise in the lifetime unmarried rate and declining birth rates are closely linked to the postponement of marriage [7][11] - Youth today express a belief that marriage is optional, with nearly 70% agreeing that marriage is a personal choice [16][17] Group 2: Changing Attitudes - There is a notable decline in the expectation that love is a prerequisite for marriage, with a significant increase in those willing to marry without love if other criteria are met [21][24] - The perception of dating and marriage as separate entities has gained traction, with over 40% of youth agreeing that dating does not necessarily lead to marriage [25][24] - Parental influence on marriage decisions has increased, with many youth valuing parental approval in their relationship choices [27][34] Group 3: Challenges and Pressures - Many urban youth report a lack of confidence in finding a suitable partner, with over 40% expressing doubts about their ability to secure a satisfactory marriage [37][39] - The pressures of modern life, including high living costs and the responsibilities of marriage and parenthood, contribute to a sense of helplessness among youth [54][56] - The concept of "lazy marriage" reflects a rational choice influenced by changing marriage values and structural conflicts faced by young people [39][63] Group 4: Societal Context - The phenomenon of "quarter-life crisis" is prevalent among youth, characterized by anxiety and uncertainty about their future, including marriage [72][74] - The cultural context in East Asia, particularly the lack of social networks outside of family, exacerbates feelings of isolation and dependency on parental support [76][75] - The traditional family structure continues to exert a strong influence, providing both support and constraints on youth's marriage decisions [56][58]