□ 本报记者 王欣雨 "我们倡导要研究真问题，真研究问题，这在刚刚的报告中得到生动的体现。我注意到一些重要的时间 节点和名字中，没有中国人的身影，希望未来别人讲这个故事的时候，有我们两位院士的名字。"一场 报告结束，九三学社中央副主席、中国科学院院士刘忠范的一番"真"言令人感慨。 1月18日，经过一夜飘雪，北京被一层纯净的白雪温柔包裹，九三学社十五届四中全会科学报告会也拉 开帷幕。两场科学报告——九三学社浙江省委会常委、浙江大学脑科学与脑医学学院院长胡海岚的《解 码情绪宇宙：从基础脑科学到抑郁症新疗法》与九三学社中央院士工作委员会常务副主任、国家纳米科 学中心研究员陈春英的《纳米科技赋能生物医药创新发展和机遇》——为参会者呈献了一场求真务实的 科学盛宴。 "当我们一直期待着年底加工资，而领导忽然说'不加了'，这时大脑中的一个脑区就会被强烈激活。"胡 海岚举例说明"失望"这种情绪在大脑中产生的物理机制，即当奖励大于预期时，多巴胺神经元激活；而 外侧缰核则恰恰相反，"它的作用就好像是多巴胺的刹车踏板"。 胡海岚长期致力于研究社会行为和情绪的神经解码和调控机制，特别是抑郁症的机制及转化研究，发现 了社会竞争中胜利者 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant achievements of Professor Hu Hailan, who was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasizing her contributions to neuroscience and depression research [3]. Research Contributions - Professor Hu's team has published nine representative research papers in prestigious journals, including two in Cell, three in Nature, and four in Science, focusing on depression and social competition [4]. Depression Research - A study published in Science in 2013 identified that the expression of βCaMKII in the lateral habenula (LHb) is significantly upregulated in depression models and downregulated by antidepressants, indicating its role as a key regulator of LHb neuron function and a critical factor in depression [5][7]. - In 2018, two papers in Nature revealed that ketamine can block bursting in the LHb, providing rapid relief from depression, and identified T-type calcium channels as a novel antidepressant target [8][11]. - A 2023 Nature paper further explained the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine through NMDAR trapping in the LHb, which prevents rapid metabolism and maintains its therapeutic effects [13][16]. - Another study in 2024 explored neuron-astrocyte coupling in the LHb, revealing a dynamic interaction mechanism that contributes to depressive-like behaviors [21][22]. Social Competition Research - A 2011 study in Science demonstrated that social hierarchy in mice is stable and can be influenced by synaptic efficacy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), suggesting that social status can be modulated through changes in synaptic strength [24][25]. - In 2017, research identified a neural circuit mediating the "winner effect," which facilitates future victories based on past experiences, providing insights into the formation and stability of social hierarchies [27]. - A 2023 study in Cell uncovered the neurological mechanisms linking social status loss to depression, showing that decreased social status triggers negative reward prediction errors, activating the LHb and inducing depressive behaviors [29].