咖啡 是消费最广泛的饮料之一，其中含有多种活性成分，其中最广为人知的是 咖啡因 。然而，尽管咖啡被广泛使用，但它对房颤是否有益、有害还是中性影 响，仍存在争议。 2025 年 11 月 9 日，加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员在国际顶尖医学期刊《 美国医学会杂志 》 （JAMA） 上发表了题为： Caffeinated Coffee Consumption or Abstinence to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation：The DECAF Randomized Clinical Trial 的研究论文。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 心房颤动 （房颤） 是最常见的心律失常，其患病率正在上升，据估计，约有三分之一的人在一生中会受到其影响。因此，人们对可改变的风险因素越来越感兴 趣，以减轻房颤的负担。 研究团队推测，咖啡之所以具有上述健康益处 ，一方面， 咖啡因是一种利尿剂，可能降低血压，从而降低房颤风险；另一方面，咖啡还发挥着抗炎作用；此外， 喝咖啡还可能会让人减少其他不健康饮料的饮用量。 总的来说，这项随机临床试验比较了房颤患者饮用 咖啡因咖啡与戒断咖啡和含咖啡因产品的效果，结果 ...

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals that Itaconate, contrary to its traditional anti-inflammatory perception, promotes inflammatory responses in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, exacerbating acute lung injury [2][9]. Group 1: Effects of Itaconate - Itaconate enhances the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages [4][7]. - Pre-treatment with Itaconate worsens LPS-induced lung tissue damage, while knocking out ACOD1 significantly improves survival rates in acute lung injury mouse models [2][6]. Group 2: Comparison with Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages - The response of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) to Itaconate is opposite to that of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, indicating the critical role of the pulmonary microenvironment in shaping macrophage immune metabolism [5][10]. Group 3: Itaconate Derivatives - Unlike natural Itaconate, its derivatives, dimethyl itaconate (DI) and 4-octyl itaconate (4OI), can inhibit the inflammatory response in alveolar macrophages [4][7]. Group 4: Implications for Clinical Treatment - The findings suggest that further research is necessary before considering Itaconate for clinical applications in treating inflammatory diseases, given its unexpected pro-inflammatory role in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages [9][10].