Core Points - The "Big and Beautiful" tax and spending bill, promoted by President Trump, is under intense debate in Congress, with Republicans claiming it will save $500 billion while Democrats argue it will increase the federal deficit by $4.45 trillion [3][5] - The bill is seen as a continuation and upgrade of Trump's previous tax cuts, aiming to reduce spending on social welfare while increasing military and border security expenditures [7][12] - The bill has faced significant opposition, with critics labeling it as a "Robin Hood in reverse" that primarily benefits the wealthy at the expense of low-income groups [10][12] Group 1 - The Senate Budget Committee Chairman, Graham, presented a new assessment claiming the bill would save approximately $500 billion under the "current policy baseline" [3] - In contrast, Senate Minority Leader Schumer argued that the bill would actually increase the federal deficit by $4.45 trillion, highlighting a fundamental disagreement in budget valuation methods between the two parties [5] - The ongoing debate reflects deeper issues regarding fiscal discipline and procedural legitimacy in the legislative process [5] Group 2 - The "Big and Beautiful" bill is characterized by significant tax rate cuts, reductions in renewable energy subsidies, and cuts to social security spending, which are politically sensitive topics in the U.S. [7] - The bill passed the House and Senate with narrow margins, indicating potential public discontent and concerns from foreign investors regarding its impact on economic stability [8][10] - The White House's optimistic economic analysis suggests that the bill will offset tax cut costs through economic growth and increased tariff revenues, but independent assessments predict a $3.3 trillion increase in national debt over the next decade [11][12]